A contextual-compositional approach to discover associations between health determinants and health indicators for neonatal mortality rate monitoring in situations of anomalies.

Introduction: Epidemiology is considered both a field of research and a methodological approach within the broader health sciences. It aims to understand health-related events' causes and effects and provide the evidence necessary to prevent disease and implement effective control and prevention strategies. One of the main focuses of epidemiology is identifying the determinant factors in the health situation of populations since health-related anomalies are not randomly distributed among people.

Evaluation of statistical process control charts for infant mortality monitoring in Brazilian cities with different population sizes.

Objectives: The control chart is a classic statistical technique in epidemiology for identifying trends, patterns, or alerts. One meaningful use is monitoring and tracking Infant Mortality Rates, which is a priority both domestically and for the World Health Organization, as it reflects the effectiveness of public policies and the progress of nations. This study aims to evaluate the applicability and performance of this technique in Brazilian cities with different population sizes using infant mortality data.

Site selection for nature-based solutions for stormwater management in urban areas: An approach combining GIS and multi-criteria analysis.

In recent years, particularly following the definition of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have gained considerable attention, capturing the interest of both the scientific community and policymakers committed to addressing urban environmental issues. However, the need for studies to guide decision-makers in identifying suitable locations for NBS implementation within urban stormwater management is evident. To address this gap, the present study employs a methodological approach grounded in multi-criteria analysis integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify areas with potential for NBS implementation.

A comprehensive integrated dataset on Brazilian health facilities: from 2005 to 2021.

Objectives: The National Registry of Healthcare Facilities is a system with the registry of every healthcare facility in Brazil with information on the capacity building and healthcare workforce regarding its public or private nature. Despite being publicly available, it can only be accessed in separated disjoint tables, with different primary units of analysis. The objective is to offer an interoperable dataset containing monthly data from 2005 to 2021 with information on healthcare facilities, including their physical and human resources, services and teams, enriched with municipal information.

Primary health care coverage in Brazil: a dataset from 1998 to 2020.

Objectives: Primary health care builds the backbone of an effective healthcare system and can improve population health, reduce cost growth, and lessen inequality. We offer a machine-readable and open-access dataset on primary health care coverage in Brazil from 1998 to 2020. This dataset is interoperable with epidemiological data from two major studies and reusable by the research community worldwide for other purposes, such as monitoring progress toward universal health coverage and studying the association between primary health care and health outcomes.

Dataset on child vaccination in Brazil from 1996 to 2021.

We present a machine-readable and open-access dataset on vaccination results among children under five years old in Brazil from 1996 to 2021. This dataset is interoperable with epidemiological data from the VAX*SIM project and reusable by the research community worldwide for other purposes, such as monitoring vaccination coverage and studying its determinants and impacts on child morbidity and mortality. The dataset gathers official and public information from the Brazilian National Immunisation Program, the Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Institute for Applied Economic Research, and the Ministry of Health.

Database on the coverage of the "Bolsa-Família" conditioning cash-transfer program: Brazil, 2005 to 2021.

Objectives: The "Bolsa-Família" Program (PBF) is a Brazilian conditional cash-transfer program in which families should comply with health, education, and social assistance conditionalities. The program aims to fight poverty and hunger, promoting nutrition and health services for low-income populations. This paper presents a database on the coverage of monitoring and compliance with the PBF health conditionalities in Brazil from January 2005 to July 2021.

National congenital anomaly registers in the world: historical and operational aspects.

Objective: To identify registers of congenital anomalies with national coverage currently available around the world, highlighting their main historical and operational characteristics.

Methods: This was a documentary study by means of a Medline database search (via PubMed) and searches involving reports, official documents and websites. Studies reporting at least one national registry were included.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a cross-sectional study of cases and factors associated with deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, 2020.

Objective: To characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children temporally associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), and to identify factors associated with MIS-C deaths in Brazil, 2020.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, using national MIS-C monitoring data. Logistical regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR).

Prevalence and temporal trends in prepregnancy nutritional status and gestational weight gain of adult women followed in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018.

Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are the most investigated indicators of maternal nutritional status, which is a modifiable factor that plays a vital role in maternal and infant health. This study describes prepregnancy BMI and GWG of 840,243 women with 2,087,765 weight observations in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018. Prepregnancy BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization cut-offs.

List of priority congenital anomalies for surveillance under the Brazilian Live Birth Information System.

Objective: To define the list of priority congenital anomalies for improving their recording on the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (Sinasc).

Methods: Based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), international protocols and meetings with specialists, the list of priority anomalies was built considering two main criteria: being diagnosable at birth and having intervention available at different levels. The list was submitted for consideration by the Brazilian Medical Genetics and Genomics Society.

Congenital anomalies from the health surveillance perspective: compilation of a list based on ICD-10.

Objective: To propose a list of congenital anomalies having corresponding codes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10thRevision (ICD-10), with the aim of applying it in health surveillance.

Methods: In December 2019, the following data sources were searched: ICD-10; ICD-11; anomalies monitored by three surveillance programs; and a database of rare diseases (Orphanet). Anomalies were retrieved from these data sources, processed to check for correspondence with ICD-10 and reviewed manually to compile the list.

International collaboration networks for the surveillance of congenital anomalies: a narrative review.

Objective to identify international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks, to list the programs that compose them and to compare their main characteristics. Methods this was a narrative literature review by means of a MEDLINE database search (via PubMed) and searches involving websites, reports and official documents. Results six international congenital anomaly surveillance collaboration networks were identified (ECLAMC, ICBDSR, EUROCAT, BINOCAR, SEAR-NBBD and ReLAMC), comprised of 98 programs present in 58 different countries on all continents, except Africa; the main characteristics regarding type of surveillance, coverage and location were discussed in a comparative manner.

IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 Reactivity to Glycosylated Extract in Allergic Patients.

Background: House dust mites are important allergen sources and some of these allergenic proteins may contain carbohydrate moieties, which are able to be isolated using lectins, as Concanavalin A (ConA). This study aimed to investigate allergenicity (IgE) and antigenicity (IgG1 and IgG4) of ConA-unbound and ConA-bound (Dpt) crude extracts using sera of mite-allergic patients as well as inhibition capacity of antibody binding.

Material And Methods: We obtained mannose-enriched and mannose-depleted fractions from Dpt by ConA affinity chromatography.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase controls experimental Strongyloides infection.

Infection with Strongyloides sp. induces a host immune response, predominantly the Th2 type, that is able to eliminate the parasite. However, little is known about the role of the nitric oxide (NO) mediator, induced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), in strongyloidiasis.

Educational inequality in Rio de Janeiro and its impact on multimorbidity: evidence from the Pró-Saúde study. A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Information about multimorbidity is scarce in developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the association of educational attainment with occurrences of multimorbidity in a population of public employees on university campuses in Rio de Janeiro.

Design And Setting: We conducted cross-sectional analyses on baseline data (1999-2001) from 3,253 participants in the Pró-Saúde study, conducted in Brazil.

Educational inequalities in hypertension: complex patterns in intersections with gender and race in Brazil.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health issue worldwide, but knowledge is scarce about its patterns and its relationship to multiple axes of social disadvantages in Latin American countries. This study describes the educational inequality in the prevalence of hypertension in Brazil, including a joint stratification by gender and race.

Methods: We analyzed interview-based data and blood pressure measurements from 59,402 participants aged 18 years or older at the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS).

[Educational inequality in the occurrence of abdominal obesity according to gender and color/race: the Pro-Health Study, 1999-2001 and 2011-2012].

Cross-sectional data from the Pro-Health Study in 1999-2001 and 2011-2012 revealed important gender and color/race differences in the size and variation across time in educational inequalities related to abdominal obesity. Probability of obesity increased steadily in women (independently of color/race) and men (brown/black) with less schooling. These gradients were quantified according to the relative index of inequality (RII).

Educational inequality in the occurrence of abdominal obesity:Pró-Saúde Study.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the degree of educational inequality in the occurrence of abdominal obesity in a population of non-faculty civil servants at university campi.METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data from 3,117 subjects of both genders aged 24 to 65-years old, regarding the baseline of Pró-Saúde Study, 1999-2001. Abdominal obesity was defined according to abdominal circumference thresholds of 88 cm for women and 102 cm for men.

Increased susceptibility to Strongyloides venezuelensis infection is related to the parasite load and absence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules.

In human and murine models strongyloidiasis induce a Th2 type response. In the current study we investigated the role of different loads of Strongyloides venezuelensis in the immune response raised against the parasite and the participation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule in the disease outcome in face of the different parasite burden. The C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and MHC II(-/-) mice were individually inoculated by subcutaneous injection with 500 or 3000 S.

Diversity of genotypes in CTX-M-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in different hospitals in Brazil.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to characterize CTX-M ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from hospitals in different cities of Brazil.

Material And Methods: Eighty-five K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in six different hospitals of three cities of Brazil were analyzed.

Spirometric parameters and levels of interferon gamma and IL-5 in induced sputum from patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma.

Background: This study was designed to analyze spirometric parameters and cytokine (interferon [IFN] gamma and IL-5) levels in induced sputum from patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonatopic subjects.

Methods: Thirty-three subjects aged 18-60 years were enrolled in the present study. Eight patients had asthma without AR symptoms, 16 had AR without asthma symptoms or history, and both groups had positive skin-prick test (SPT) to aeroallergens.

Spirometric parameters and levels of interferon gamma and IL-5 in induced sputum from patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma.

Background: This study was designed to analyze spirometric parameters and cytokine (interferon [IFN] gamma and IL-5) levels in induced sputum from patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonatopic subjects.

Methods: Thirty-three subjects aged 18-60 years were enrolled in the present study. Eight patients had asthma without AR symptoms, 16 had AR without asthma symptoms or history, and both groups had positive skin-prick test (SPT) to aeroallergens.

Antibody and cytokine responses to house dust mite allergens and Toxoplasma gondii antigens in atopic and non-atopic Brazilian subjects.

According to hygiene hypothesis, a lower exposure to infection is associated with increased prevalence of allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between atopy and Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) infection by analyzing the antibody and cytokine responses to house dust mite allergens and T. gondii antigens in Brazilian subjects.