The effect of preoperative membranous urethral length on likelihood of postoperative urinary incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Background: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy affects many men. In addition to surgical and patient factors, longer preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL) has been suggested to be associated with improved postoperative urinary continence outcomes. Here, we assess the association of preoperative MUL and the risk of persistent postoperative urinary incontinence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer on extended follow-up.

Renal Artery Variations in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension From the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO Trial.

Purpose: To assess the variability of renal artery (RA) anatomy and presence of RA-pathology in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension enrolled in the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial.

Background: RADIANCE-HTN SOLO was a multicenter, international, blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial evaluating ultrasound-based endovascular renal denervation (RDN) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension while off antihypertensive medications.

Methods: Eligible subjects had pre-randomization renal CT- or MR- angiography (CTA, MRA) to confirm anatomic suitability and to define RA ablation sites.

Image-Guided Percutaneous Ablation of Adrenal Metastases: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation of adrenal metastases through a meta-analysis of various image-guided percutaneous ablation techniques.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed for studies evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of image-guided percutaneous ablation of adrenal metastases. A total of 37 studies published between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed, comprising a sample size of 959 patients.

Management of Residual or Recurrent Disease Following Thermal Ablation of Renal Cortical Tumors.

Management of residual or recurrent disease following thermal ablation of renal cortical tumors includes surveillance, repeat ablation, or surgical extirpation. We present a multicenter experience with regard to the management of this clinical scenario. Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to identify 1265 patients who underwent cryoablation (CA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for enhancing renal masses.

Intermediate to Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Cryoablation for Renal Masses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation (CA) for treatment of renal masses in a large cohort of patients.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 299 CA procedures (297 masses in 277 patients) performed between July 2007 and May 2018 at a single institution. The mean patient age was 66.

Variability of the Positive Predictive Value of PI-RADS for Prostate MRI across 26 Centers: Experience of the Society of Abdominal Radiology Prostate Cancer Disease-focused Panel.

Background Prostate MRI is used widely in clinical care for guiding tissue sampling, active surveillance, and staging. The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) helps provide a standardized probabilistic approach for identifying clinically significant prostate cancer. Despite widespread use, the variability in performance of prostate MRI across practices remains unknown.

Updated guidelines for intravenous contrast use for CT and MRI.

Intravenous (IV) contrast material is used extensively for CT and MRI scans done in emergency departments (ED). Its use is essential to make many critical diagnoses in ED patients. While adverse reactions can occur, newer research has added to our knowledge of IV contrast media tolerance and safety leading to improved and more liberal guidelines for intravenous contrast use.

Prostate magnetic resonance imaging technique.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the prostate is an excellent tool to detect clinically significant prostate cancer, and it has widely been incorporated into clinical practice due to its excellent tissue contrast and image resolution. The aims of this article are to describe the prostate MR imaging technique for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer according to PI-RADS v2.1, as well as alternative sequences and basic aspects of patient preparation and MR imaging artifact avoidance.

The use of prostate MR for targeting prostate biopsies.

Management of prostate cancer relies heavily on accurate risk stratification obtained through biopsies, which are conventionally performed under transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance. Yet, multiparametric MRI has grown to become an integral part of the care of males with known or suspected prostate cancer. This article will discuss in detail the different MRI-targeted biopsy techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and the impact they have on patient management.

The Role of MR Imaging in Pancreatic Cancer.

MR imaging plays an important role in the assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Its superior soft tissue contrast is useful in the detection of small, non-contour-deforming tumors and for characterizing indeterminate pancreatic findings at computed tomography. MR imaging can also improve the detection of distant metastases, especially in the liver, thereby facilitating the appropriate selection of surgical candidates.

Uncommon malignant renal tumors and atypical presentation of common ones: a guide for radiologists.

Objective: While the typical imaging features of the more common RCC subtypes have previously been described, they can at times have unusual, but distinguishing features. Rarer renal tumors span a broad range of imaging features, but they may also have characteristic presentations. We review the key imaging features of atypical presentations of malignant renal tumors and uncommon malignant renal tumors.

CT and MRI of small renal masses.

Small renal masses are increasingly detected incidentally at imaging. They vary widely in histology and aggressiveness, and include benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas that can be either indolent or aggressive. Imaging plays a key role in the characterization of these small renal masses.

PI-RADS v2 and ADC values: is there room for improvement?

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ADC values in combination with PI-RADS v2 for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (CS-PCa) compared to PI-RADS v2 alone.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 155 men whom underwent 3-Tesla prostate MRI and subsequent MR/US fusion biopsies at a single non-academic center from 11/2014 to 3/2016. All scans were performed with a surface coil and included T2, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences.

Association between misty mesentery with baseline or new diagnosis of cancer: a matched cohort study.

We compared the prevalence of a baseline diagnosis of cancer in patients with and without misty mesentery (MM) and determined its association with the development of a new cancer. This was a retrospective, HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved case-control study of 148 cases and 4:1 age- and gender-matched controls. Statistical tests included chi-square, t-test, hazard models, and C-statistic.

Impact of the integration of proton magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy to PI-RADS 2 for prediction of high grade and high stage prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare the predictions of dominant Gleason pattern ≥ 4 or non-organ confined disease with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS v2) with or without proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (H-MRSI).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine men underwent 3-tesla endorectal multiparametric MRI including H-MRSI and prostatectomy. Two radiologists assigned PI-RADS v2 and H-MRSI scores to index lesions.

Impact of Lesion Visibility on Transrectal Ultrasound on the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer (Gleason Score 3 + 4 or Greater) with Transrectal Ultrasound-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fusion Biopsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of lesion visibility with transrectal ultrasound on the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer with transrectal ultrasound-magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) compliant, institutional review board approved, retrospective study was performed in 178 men who were 64.7 years old with prostate specific antigen 8.

Optimal MRI sequences for Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI in evaluation of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Background: PET/MRI can be used for the detection of disease in biochemical recurrence (BCR) patients imaged with Ga-PSMA-11 PET. This study was designed to determine the optimal MRI sequences to localize positive findings on Ga-PSMA-11 PET of patients with BCR after definitive therapy. Fifty-five consecutive prostate cancer patients with BCR imaged with Ga-PSMA-11 3.

Evaluating the performance of PI-RADS v2 in the non-academic setting.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of PI-RADS v2 to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer (CS-PCa) with magnetic resonance ultrasound (MR/US) fusion-guided prostate biopsies in the non-academic setting.

Materials/methods: Retrospective analysis of men whom underwent prostate multiparametric MRI and subsequent MR/US fusion biopsies at a single non-academic center from 11/2014 to 3/2016. Prostate MRIs were performed on a 3-Tesla scanner with a surface body coil.

Imaging of flank pain: readdressing state-of-the-art.

Pain resulting from renal and ureteral stones is a common cause for patients presenting in the acute setting. Since the late 1990s, computed tomography (CT) has been the initial imaging method of choice to evaluate patients with suspected ureteral stones; however, concerns regarding both radiation dose and cost-effectiveness have prompted investigations into a different imaging algorithm. Studies utilizing ultrasound have provided evidence indicating that it may be a more appropriate first step, with selective use of CT in selected cases, in the diagnostic work-up.

Practical aspects of prostate MRI: hardware and software considerations, protocols, and patient preparation.

The use of multiparametric MRI scans for the evaluation of men with prostate cancer has increased dramatically and is likely to continue expanding as new developments come to practice. However, it has not yet gained the same level of acceptance of other imaging tests. Partly, this is because of the use of suboptimal protocols, lack of standardization, and inadequate patient preparation.