Recurrent Fevers and Neuro-ophthalmic Disorders in a Mathematical Genius.

Horner's syndrome coexisting with an ipsilateral fourth cranial nerve palsy is a rare occurrence and likely localises to pathology in the cavernous sinus. One such case may have occurred in the 18 century affecting the renowned mathematician Leonhard Euler. A review of his biographies, eulogies, and three finely detailed facial portraits suggest that these two neuro-ophthalmic conditions, along with visual loss and a decades-long intermittent febrile illness, may have been the result of an orbital cellulitis and septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, from an underlying chronic brucellosis infection.

A case of systemic sclerosis/lupus overlap syndrome presenting with bilateral cotton wool spots.

Purpose: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by multi-system inflammation and fibrosis. Ophthalmologists must be aware of the uncommon ocular features of SSc to secure the diagnosis.

Observations: Here we report the rare occurrence of bilateral cotton wool spots in an 86-year-old woman with SSc/lupus overlap syndrome presenting with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, scalp tenderness, and right jaw pain on chewing.

Microbiological Investigations of ReNu Plastic Bottles and the 2004 to 2006 ReNu With MoistureLoc-Related Worldwide Fusarium Keratitis Event.

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to determine whether the contact lens solution RevitaLens Ocutec (containing the antimicrobial agents alexidine and polyquaternium-1) would inhibit Fusarium organisms when heated in ReNu plastic bottles; whether alexidine would inhibit Fusarium organisms when heated in non-ReNu plastic bottles; and whether an alexidine-neutralizing compound leaches from heated ReNu bottles.

Methods: RevitaLens and an alexidine solution (0.00045%), previously stored in ReNu bottles at room temperature (RT) and 56°C, were incubated with 7 different Fusarium organisms.

Canthaxanthin retinopathy with visual loss: a case report and review.

Canthaxanthin is a naturally occurring chemical, which is most commonly utilized as a colorant for food and dyes or a skin bronzing agent. Its most prevalent impact on human health is canthaxanthin retinopathy, which appears as birefringent, yellow to red crystals surrounding the macula. This occurs with increasing, dose-dependent exposure.

Oculocardiac reflex in a medial orbital wall fracture without clinically evident entrapment.

In this report, we describe a patient with a medial wall orbital fracture, who presented with vasovagal-like symptoms secondary to an oculocardiac reflex. This case is unusual because the patient had no other clinical evidence of muscle entrapment. A 15-year-old male presented with daily 5-10 min episodes of dizziness, light headedness, and nausea consistent with a vasovagal reaction.

Pan-antimicrobial failure of alexidine as a contact lens disinfectant when heated in Bausch & Lomb plastic containers: implications for the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004 to 2006.

Objective: ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNuML), containing the antimicrobial agent alexidine 0.00045%, was associated with the Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004 to 2006. Although a single-point source contamination was ruled out, only Fusarium organisms were reported during the outbreak.

Effects of time, temperature, and storage container on the growth of Fusarium species: implications for the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Objective: To demonstrate the effects of time, temperature, and container properties on the ability of ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNuML; contains the antimicrobial agent alexidine) to inhibit growth of Fusarium species.

Methods: ReNu with MoistureLoc was stored in its Bausch & Lomb (Rochester, New York) plastic or similarly sized glass containers for 1 and 4 weeks at room temperature, 42°C, and 56°C, and then tested for its ability to inhibit growth of 7 Fusarium isolates.

Results: ReNu with MoistureLoc stored in glass containers for 1 or 4 weeks at all 3 temperatures demonstrated no significant fungistatic deterioration.

Temperature instability of ReNu with MoistureLoc: a new theory to explain the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Purpose: A 2006 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection of Bausch & Lomb's (B&L's) Greenville, South Carolina, manufacturing site indicated that B&L failed to regulate storage and transport temperatures of their products. The present study investigated the effect of storage temperature on the ability of contact lens solutions to inhibit growth of Fusarium species.

Methods: SIX CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS WERE STUDIED: ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNu ML), ReNu MultiPlus, Complete Moistureplus, AQuify, Clear Care, and OPTI-FREE RepleniSH.

Temperature instability of ReNu With MoistureLoc: a new theory to explain the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004-2006.

Objective: To investigate the effect of storage temperature on the ability of contact lens solutions to inhibit growth of Fusarium species. A 2006 Food and Drug Administration inspection of Bausch & Lomb's Greenville, South Carolina, manufacturing site indicated that Bausch & Lomb failed to regulate storage and transport temperatures of their products.

Methods: Six contact lens solutions were studied: ReNu with MoistureLoc, ReNu MultiPlus, COMPLETE Moistureplus, AQuify, Clear Care, and OPTI-FREE RepleniSH.

Evaluation of intraocular and orbital pressure in the management of orbital hemorrhage: an experimental model.

Objective: To evaluate orbital pressure (OP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the effectiveness of canthotomy, cantholysis, and septolysis using an experimental orbital hemorrhage model.

Methods: Expired whole blood was injected into the retrobulbar space of 10 human cadaver orbits. At 1-mL increments, OP, IOP, and globe position were documented.

Orbital giant cell angiofibroma recurring as a solitary fibrous tumor.

Giant cell angiofibroma has recently been hypothesized to be a clinicopathologic variant of solitary fibrous tumor. The authors report a case of an orbital giant cell angiofibroma that recurred as a solitary fibrous tumor 4 years later. The report strongly supports the hypothesis that giant cell angiofibroma and solitary fibrous tumor are related.

KCC isoforms in a human lens epithelial cell line (B3) and lens tissue extracts.

We recently reported potassium-chloride cotransporter activity in human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate in these cells as well as in human lens tissue the potassium-chloride cotransport (KCC) isoforms by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Of the four KCC genes known to encode the respective proteins and their spliced variants, RT-PCR with both rat and human primers revealed the predicted cDNA fragments of KCC1, KCC3a, KCC3b, and KCC4 but not KCC2 in both HLE-B3 cells and in human lens tissue extracts from cataractous patients.

Sudden death from pituitary apoplexy in a patient presenting with an isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy.

A 68-year-old diabetic, hypertensive man presented with a left sixth cranial nerve palsy. MRI demonstrated an inhomogeneous sellar mass encroaching on the left cavernous sinus. Two days later, a left third cranial nerve palsy developed.

Regulation of potassium transport in human lens epithelial cells.

The major K influx pathways and their response to thiol modification by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors were characterized in human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells with Rb as K congener. Ouabain (0.1 mM) and bumetanide (5 microM) discriminated between the Na/K pump ( approximately 35% of total Rb influx) and Na-K-2Cl cotransport (NKCC) ( approximately 50%).

Exophthalmos and orbital floor thickening related to maxillary sinusitis.

A 59-year-old woman presented with periocular pain and 1.5 mm of relative proptosis. A computed tomography scan demonstrated thickening of the orbital floor, and an endoscopic sinusectomy revealed chronic sinusitis.

Cervical carcinoma metastatic to the orbit.

Purpose: To describe a case of orbital metastasis from an undifferentiated pelvic tumor with probable cervical origination.

Methods: Case report. Detailed ophthalmologic examination, orbital CT and MRI, and orbital biopsy with histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an acute, often fatal, fungal infection caused by members of the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales. The genus Rhizopus accounts for most cases of ROCM. The disease is characterized by fungal hyphal invasion of blood vessels resulting in thrombosis and infarction of the nasal, paranasal sinus, orbital, and cerebral tissues.