Hydralazine Revives Cellular and Ocular Lens Health-Span by Ameliorating the Aging and Oxidative-Dependent Loss of the Nrf2-Activated Cellular Stress Response.

A major hallmark of aging-associated diseases is the inability to evoke cellular defense responses. Transcriptional protein Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor) plays a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and health span. Nrf2's activation has been identified as a therapeutic target to restore antioxidant defense in aging.

Optimized Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Ectasia Detection Using Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomography and Biomechanical Data.

Purpose: To optimize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanics to enhance ectasia detection.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional case-control retrospective study.

Methods: A total of 3886 unoperated eyes from 3412 patients had Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) examinations.

Ophthalmic complications associated with methamphetamine use disorder.

Purpose: To describe the devastating ophthalmic sequelae of methamphetamine use disorder in two patients who developed vision loss from ocular complications, including keratitis and endophthalmitis.

Observations: Case 1 is a 26-year-old male with hepatitis C, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, and chronic methamphetamine use who presented with a corneal ulcer in the left eye. Corneal culture grew and , prompting antibiotic therapy.

The Dynamic History of the Ophthalmology Residency Matching Program.

 The ophthalmology residency matching program is the first successful medical specialty match, dating back to 1979. This article reviews the impetus for starting the match and the roles that ophthalmologists Bruce Spivey, MD, and August Colenbrander, MD, PhD, played in establishing the match and developing the machinery to make it possible. Challenges to the match's operations over the years have improved the process.

Topography-Guided Refractive Astigmatism Outcomes: Predictions Comparing Three Different Programming Methods.

Purpose: To identify the laser programming strategy that will achieve optimal refractive outcomes of LASIK with a topography-guided laser for eyes with a disparity between cylinder measured by manifest refraction and cylinder measured by topography.

Setting: Six surgeons at 5 clinical sites in the USA.

Design: Retrospective data review.

The Incidence and Natural History of Subjectively and Objectively Determined Metrics of Light Scattering in Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Keratomileusis.

Purpose: To assess the incidence and long-term persistence of both subjective (rainbow glare phenomenon) and objective metrics of light scattering (stray light measurement) in femtosecond laser-assisted keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

Settings: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cole Eye Institute.

Design: Prospective, contralateral eye study in which 54 myopic eyes of 27 patients underwent LASIK using the ALLEGRETTO® Eye-Q excimer laser.

Analysis of planning strategies in primary eyes gaining a line or more of visual acuity after topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To analyze planning strategies for eyes that gained 1 or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) after topography-guided custom treatment (TCAT).

Setting: Refractive Surgery Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Bilaterally Asymmetric Corneal Ectasia Following SMILE With Asymmetrically Reduced Stromal Molecular Markers.

Purpose: To evaluate extracellular matrix regulators and inflammatory factors in a patient who developed ectasia after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) despite normal preoperative tomographic and biomechanical evaluation.

Methods: The SMILE lenticules from both eyes of the patient with ectasia and three control patients (5 eyes) matched for age, sex, and duration of follow-up were used for gene expression analysis of lysyl oxidase (LOX), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), collagen types I alpha 1 (COLIA1) and IV alpha 1 chain (COLIVA1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cathepsin K, cluster of differentiation 68, integrin beta-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). Furthermore, the functional role of LOX was assessed in vitro by studying the collagen gel contraction efficiency of LOX overexpressing in primary human corneal fibroblast cells.

A review of small incision lenticule extraction complications.

Purpose Of Review: As a flapless procedure, SMILE brings benefits to refractive surgery, such as lower corneal biomechanical impact, less dry eye risk and less stromal bed exposure. However, the longer learning curve can be a risk factor for complications. This article aims to discuss SMILE complications and proposes a categorized analysis of occurrences, dividing into two groups: intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Laser Vision Correction in Treating Myopia.

Myopia is a generally benign refractive error with an increasing prevalence worldwide. It can be corrected temporarily with glasses and contact lenses and permanently with laser vision correction. The 2 main procedures currently being performed for myopia correction are photorefractive keratectomy and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.

Comparison of Patient-Specific Computational Modeling Predictions and Clinical Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia.

Purpose: To assess the predictive accuracy of simulation-based LASIK outcomes.

Methods: Preoperative and 3-month post-LASIK tomographic data from 20 eyes of 12 patients who underwent wavefront-optimized LASIK for myopia were obtained retrospectively. Patient-specific finite element models were created and case-specific treatment settings were simulated.

Role of percent tissue altered on ectasia after LASIK in eyes with suspicious topography.

Purpose: To investigate the association of the percent tissue altered (PTA) with the occurrence of ectasia after LASIK in eyes with suspicious preoperative corneal topography.

Methods: This retrospective comparative case-control study compared associations of reported ectasia risk factors in 129 eyes, including 57 eyes with suspicious preoperative Placido-based corneal topography that developed ectasia after LASIK (suspect ectasia group), 32 eyes with suspicious topography that remained stable for at least 3 years after LASIK (suspect control group), and 30 eyes that developed ectasia with bilateral normal topography (normal topography ectasia group). Groups were subdivided based on topographic asymmetry into high- or low-suspect groups.

Comparison of objective and subjective refractive surgery screening parameters between regular and high-resolution Scheimpflug imaging devices.

Purpose: To compare objective and subjective metrics from regular and high-resolution Scheimpflug devices (Pentacam) to determine their equivalence and interchangeability for refractive surgery screening.

Setting: Emory Vision at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Design: Retrospective comparative case series.

Interface blood as a new indication for flap lift after LASIK using the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser.

Purpose: To report a new indication for flap lift of interface blood using the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX).

Methods: The unique evacuation canal of the FS200 femtosecond laser allows blood from injured limbal vasculature to accumulate.

First proposed efficacy study of high versus standard irradiance and fractionated riboflavin/ultraviolet a cross-linking with equivalent energy exposure.

Purpose: To document the first presented report in December 2008 of high irradiance riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA) corneal cross-linking in comparison with that of standard irradiance and of fractionated exposure to increase the time for oxygen diffusion into the cornea.

Methods: After in vitro studies of oxygen depletion and cross-linking density using type 1 human collagen gels, 36 ex vivo porcine globes were deepithelialized and exposed to 0.1% riboflavin drops in carboxymethylcellulose solution every 5 min for 3 initial doses and then throughout irradiation afterward.

Management of bilateral gas-bubble breakthrough during femtosecond LASIK in the presence of anterior basement membrane dystrophy.

Unlabelled: We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman with anterior basement membrane dystrophy and dry eyes who had femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with gas-bubble breakthrough during flap creation in both eyes. The gas-bubble breakthrough appeared beneath the applanation interface in advance of the leading laser edge in the right eye and behind the advancing laser edge in the left eye. The surgery was aborted and 5 days later, photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C was performed in the right eye and LASIK in the left eye.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography epithelial and flap thickness mapping in femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To evaluate the change of epithelial and flap thickness after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) in correlation with the spherical equivalent refraction treated and clinical outcomes.

Design: Prospective, randomized, contralateral-eye study.

Methods: Forty myopic eyes underwent LASIK using an excimer laser with refraction ranging from -1.

Long-term follow-up after laser vision correction in physicians: quality of life and patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To evaluate the satisfaction and quality of life after laser vision correction (LVC) exclusively in a physician population.

Setting: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Design: Cohort study.