Radiologist Worklist Reprioritization Using Artificial Intelligence: Impact on Report Turnaround Times for CTPA Examinations Positive for Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

In patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), timely intervention (e.g., initiation of anticoagulation) is critical for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Detection of Incidental Pulmonary Embolism on Conventional Contrast-Enhanced Chest CT: Comparison of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Clinical Reports.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown strong performance for detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) on CT examinations performed using a dedicated protocol for PE detection. AI performance is less well studied for detecting PE on examinations ordered for reasons other than suspected PE (i.e.

Use of Web-Based Calculator for the Implementation of ACR TI-RADS Risk-Stratification System.

In this article, we demonstrate the use of a software-based radiologist reporting tool for the implementation of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System thyroid nodule risk-stratification. The technical details are described with emphasis on addressing the information security and patient privacy issues while allowing it to integrate with the electronic health record and radiology reporting dictation software. Its practical implementation is assessed in a quality improvement project in which guideline adherence and recommendation congruence were measured pre and post implementation.

Active Reprioritization of the Reading Worklist Using Artificial Intelligence Has a Beneficial Effect on the Turnaround Time for Interpretation of Head CT with Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Purpose: To determine how to optimize the delivery of machine learning techniques in a clinical setting to detect intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on non-contrast-enhanced CT images to radiologists to improve workflow.

Materials And Methods: In this study, a commercially available machine learning algorithm that flags abnormal noncontrast CT examinations for ICH was implemented in a busy academic neuroradiology practice between September 2017 and March 2019. The algorithm was introduced in three phases: as a "pop-up" widget on ancillary monitors, as a marked examination in reading worklists, and as a marked examination for reprioritization based on the presence of the flag.

Prevalence of pectus excavatum in an adult population-based cohort estimated from radiographic indices of chest wall shape.

Background: Pectus excavatum is the most common chest wall skeletal deformity. Although commonly evaluated in adolescence, its prevalence in adults is unknown.

Methods And Findings: Radiographic indices of chest wall shape were analyzed for participants of the first (n = 2687) and second (n = 1780) phases of the population-based Dallas Heart Study and compared to clinical cases of pectus (n = 297).

Identification of High-Risk Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Calcium Scoring Cardiac Computed Tomography Scans: Validation in the DHS.

Background: Coronary artery calcium scoring only represents a small fraction of all information available in noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CAC-CT). We hypothesized that an automated pipeline using radiomics and machine learning could identify phenotypic information about high-risk left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) embedded in CAC-CT.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1982 participants from the DHS (Dallas Heart Study) who underwent CAC-CT and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Implementing Shared, Standardized Imaging Protocols to Improve Cross-Enterprise Workflow and Quality.

Value-based imaging requires appropriate utilization and the delivery of consistently high-quality imaging at an acceptable cost. Challenges include developing standardized imaging protocols, ensuring consistent application by technologists, and monitoring quality. These challenges increase as enterprises grow in geographical extent and complexity through mergers or partnerships.

Association of African Ancestry With Electrocardiographic Voltage and Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The Dallas Heart Study.

Importance: Compared with white individuals, black individuals have increased electrocardiographic voltage and an increased prevalence of concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Whether environmental or genetic factors lead to these racial differences is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether proportion of genetically determined African ancestry among self-reported black individuals is associated with increased electrocardiographic voltage and concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH).

Non-contrast quantitative pulmonary perfusion using flow alternating inversion recovery at 3T: A preliminary study.

Purpose: To demonstrate the initial feasibility of non-contrast quantitative pulmonary perfusion imaging at 3T using flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR), and to evaluate the intra-session and inter-session reliability of FAIR measurements at 3T.

Materials And Methods: Nine healthy volunteers were imaged using our own implementation of FAIR pulse sequence at 3T. Quantitative FAIR perfusion, both with and without larger pulmonary vessels, was correlated with global phase contrast (PC) measured blood flow in the right pulmonary artery (RPA).

Association of Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Subsequent Change in Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume: The Dallas Heart Study.

Background: In the conventional paradigm of the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy, a thick-walled left ventricle (LV) ultimately transitions to a dilated cardiomyopathy. There are scant data in humans demonstrating whether this transition occurs commonly without an interval myocardial infarction.

Methods And Results: Participants (n=1282) from the Dallas Heart Study underwent serial cardiac magnetic resonance ≈7 years apart.

Defining coronary artery calcium concordance and repeatability - Implications for development and change: The Dallas Heart Study.

Background: Development and change of coronary artery calcium (CAC) are associated with coronary heart disease. Interpretation of serial CAC measurements will require better understanding of changes in CAC beyond the variability in the test itself.

Methods: Dallas Heart Study participants (2888) with duplicate CAC scans obtained minutes apart were analyzed to determine interscan concordance and 95% confidence bounds (ie: repeatability limits) for each discrete CAC value.

Dynamic Relation of Changes in Weight and Indices of Fat Distribution With Cardiac Structure and Function: The Dallas Heart Study.

Background: Obesity may increase heart failure risk through cardiac remodeling. Cross-sectional associations between adiposity and cardiac structure and function have been elucidated, but the impact of longitudinal changes in adiposity on cardiac remodeling is less well understood.

Methods And Results: Participants in the Dallas Heart Study without cardiovascular disease or left ventricular dysfunction underwent assessment of body weight, anthropometrics, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 7 years later.

Hemodynamic and Mechanical Properties of the Proximal Aorta in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Isolated Systolic Hypertension: The Dallas Heart Study.

The aim of this study was to assess characteristic impedance (Z) of the proximal aorta in young and middle-aged individuals with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Z is an index of aortic stiffness relative to aortic size. In the Dallas Heart Study, 2001 untreated participants 18 to 64 years of age (mean age: 42.

Ethnic Difference in Proximal Aortic Stiffness: An Observation From the Dallas Heart Study.

Objectives: This study aims to compare ethnic difference in proximal aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and characteristic impedance (Zc).

Background: Increased aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of target organ damage, incident hypertension, and all-cause mortality. However, previous studies have not directly assessed proximal aortic function in Blacks, the ethnic population with disproportionately high risk for incident hypertension and target organ complications.

Hippocampal volume in patients with asthma: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

Introduction: Asthma is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Depression and oral corticosteroid use are associated with atrophy of the hippocampus and are common in asthma. However, minimal neuroimaging data are available in asthma patients.

Association of a 4-Tiered Classification of LV Hypertrophy With Adverse CV Outcomes in the General Population.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine whether a 4-tiered classification of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defines subgroups in the general population that are at variable risks of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes.

Background: We recently proposed a 4-tiered classification of LVH where eccentric LVH is subdivided into "indeterminate hypertrophy" and "dilated hypertrophy" and concentric LVH into "thick hypertrophy" and "both thick and dilated hypertrophy," based on the presence of increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume.

Methods: Participants from the Dallas Heart study who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance and did not have LV dysfunction or a history of heart failure (HF) (n = 2,458) were followed for a median of 9 years for the primary outcome of HF or CV death.

Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With Type 2 Diabetes Measured by Coronary Phase Contrast Flow Velocity Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if differences in coronary endothelial function are observed between asymptomatic women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and control subjects using coronary phase contrast flow velocity magnetic resonance imaging in response to cold pressor stress, an established endothelium-dependent vasodilatory stress.

Methods: Phase contrast flow velocity imaging of the right coronary artery was performed in 7 asymptomatic premenopausal women with DM and 8 healthy female participants in response to the cold pressor test at 3 T.

Results: There was no significant difference in percent increase in coronary flow velocity from rest to peak flow velocity between DM and control subjects (32% ± 22% vs 46% ± 17%; P = 0.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Smaller Brain Volumes in Regions Identified as Early Predictors of Cognitive Decline.

Purpose: To determine in a large multiethnic cohort the cardiovascular and genetic risk factors associated with smaller volume in the hippocampus, precuneus, and posterior cingulate, and their association with preclinical deficits in cognitive performance in patients younger and older than 50 years.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved the study and all participants provided written informed consent. Eligible for this study were 1629 participants (700 men and 929 women; mean age, 50.

Females have a blunted cardiovascular response to one year of intensive supervised endurance training.

Cross-sectional studies in athletes suggest that endurance training augments cardiovascular structure and function with apparently different phenotypes in athletic males and females. It is unclear whether the longitudinal response to endurance training leads to similar cardiovascular adaptations between sexes. We sought to determine whether males and females demonstrate similar cardiovascular adaptations to 1 yr of endurance training, matched for training volume and intensity.