Mind-body (hypnotherapy) treatment of women with urgency urinary incontinence: changes in brain attentional networks.

Background: Prior study of patients with urgency urinary incontinence by functional magnetic resonance imaging showed altered function in areas of the brain associated with interoception and salience and with attention. Our randomized controlled trial of hypnotherapy for urgency urinary incontinence demonstrated marked improvement in urgency urinary incontinence symptoms at 2 months. A subsample of these women with urgency urinary incontinence underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment.

Self-regulation and emotional reactivity in infants with prenatal exposure to opioids and alcohol.

Background: Infants with prenatal substance exposure are at increased risk for developmental problems, with self-regulatory challenges being some of the most pronounced. The current study aimed to investigate the extent to which prenatal substance exposure (alcohol, opioids) impacts infant self-regulation during a relational stressor and the association between self-regulation and infant affect.

Methods: Participants were 100 mother-child dyads recruited prenatally (Mean = 23.

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Adaptive Servo-Ventilation in the Treatment of Chronic Complex Insomnia.

Background: Complex insomnia, the comorbidity of chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a common sleep disorder, but the OSA component, whether presenting overtly or covertly, often goes unsuspected and undiagnosed due to a low index of suspicion. Among complex insomniacs, preliminary evidence demonstrates standard CPAP decreases insomnia severity. However, CPAP causes expiratory pressure intolerance or iatrogenic central apneas that may diminish its use.

Hypnotherapy or medications: a randomized noninferiority trial in urgency urinary incontinent women.

Background: Urgency urinary incontinence afflicts many adults, and most commonly affects women. Medications, a standard treatment, may be poorly tolerated, with poor adherence. This warrants investigation of alternative interventions.

Characterization of Cortisol Secretion Rate in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Context: In secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI), chronic deficiency of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is believed to result in secondary changes in adrenocortical function, causing an altered dose-response relationship between ACTH concentration and cortisol secretion rate (CSR).

Objective: We sought to characterize maximal cortisol secretion rate (CSR) and free cortisol half-life in patients with SAI, compare results with those of age-matched healthy controls, and examine the influence of predictor variables on ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations.

Design: CSR was estimated from ACTH (250 μg)stimulated cortisol time-concentration data.

INSULIN TIMING: A PATIENT-CENTERED APPROACH TO IMPROVE CONTROL IN TYPE 1 DIABETES.

Objective: The goal of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is to reduce hemoglobin A1C (A1C) to ≤7.0% (53 mmol/mol) with minimal hypoglycemia. We investigated the possibility that "insulin timing" would improve A1C without incurring severe hypoglycemia in volunteers with T1D over a 6-month observation period.

Methodology for a trial of brain-centered versus anticholinergic therapy in women with urgency urinary incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: We describe the rationale and methodology for a study comparing mind-body treatment and pharmacotherapy in women with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). To explore brain associations in UUI, a subset of patients will also undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesize that hypnotherapy, a mind-body intervention, will be at least as effective as pharmacotherapy in treating UUI.

Vitamin D levels and perinatal depressive symptoms in women at risk: a secondary analysis of the mothers, omega-3, and mental health study.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency may be associated with depressive symptoms in non-pregnant adults. We performed this study to evaluate whether low maternal vitamin D levels are associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial designed to assess whether prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation would prevent depressive symptoms.

Epidemiology of mixed, stress, and urgency urinary incontinence in middle-aged/older women: the importance of incontinence history.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Urinary incontinence (UI) is common and the relationship among its subtypes complex. Our objective was to describe the natural history and predictors of the incontinence subtypes stress, urgency, and mixed, in middle-aged and older US women. We tested our hypothesis that UI subtype history predicted future occurrence, evaluating subtype incidence/remission over multiple time points in a stable cohort of women.

Acetaminophen concentrations prior to 4 hours of ingestion: impact on diagnostic decision-making and treatment.

Background: Consensus recommendations for acute acetaminophen exposure include plotting an acetaminophen concentration at ≥ 4 h post ingestion on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram to determine the need for acetylcysteine treatment. We studied the frequency of acetaminophen concentrations drawn within 4 h post ingestion and whether the Rumack-Matthew nomogram was properly used in making acetylcysteine treatment decisions.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational case series at three regional poison centers of acute acetaminophen exposures between 1/1/13 and 12/31/13.

Reversible increase in maximal cortisol secretion rate in septic shock.

Objective: Cortisol clearance is reduced in sepsis and may contribute to the development of impaired adrenocortical function that is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency. We sought to assess adrenocortical function using computer-assisted numerical modeling methodology to characterize and compare maximal cortisol secretion rate and free cortisol half-life in septic shock, sepsis, and healthy control subjects.

Design: Post hoc analysis of previously published total cortisol, free cortisol, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and albumin concentration data.

Acrolein-exposed normal human lung fibroblasts in vitro: cellular senescence, enhanced telomere erosion, and degradation of Werner's syndrome protein.

Background: Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental hazard to human health. Acrolein has been reported to activate the DNA damage response and induce apoptosis. However, little is known about the effects of acrolein on cellular senescence.

Safety of botulinum toxin for dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

Introduction: Despite multiple studies reporting marked benefit of botulinum toxin (BTX) for treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia, little is known about its safety for this indication. We examined the safety of cricopharyngeal BTX for dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).

Methods: We reviewed records of patients with OPMD who received cricopharyngeal BTX.

The Mothers, Omega-3, and Mental Health Study: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Maternal deficiency of the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been associated with perinatal depression, but there is evidence that supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may be more effective than DHA in treating depressive symptoms. This trial tested the relative effects of EPA- and DHA-rich fish oils on prevention of depressive symptoms among pregnant women at an increased risk of depression.

Study Design: We enrolled 126 pregnant women at risk for depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score 9-19 or a history of depression) in early pregnancy and randomly assigned them to receive EPA-rich fish oil (1060 mg EPA plus 274 mg DHA), DHA-rich fish oil (900 mg DHA plus 180 mg EPA), or soy oil placebo.

Promotion rates for assistant and associate professors in obstetrics and gynecology.

Objective: To estimate promotion rates of physician faculty members in obstetrics and gynecology during the past 30 years

Methods: Data were collected annually by the Association of American Medical Colleges from every school between 1980 and 2009 for first-time assistant and associate professors to determine whether and when they were promoted. Data for full-time physician faculty were aggregated by decade (1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009). Faculty were included if they remained in academia for 10 years after beginning in rank.

Association of maternal interaction with emotional regulation in 4- and 9-month infants during the Still Face Paradigm.

This study used the Still Face Paradigm to investigate the relationship of maternal interaction on infants' emotion regulation responses. Seventy infant-mother dyads were seen at 4 months and 25 of these same dyads were re-evaluated at 9 months. Maternal interactions were coded for attention seeking and contingent responding.

Prematurity affects cortical maturation in early childhood.

Cortical development in the first years of age for children with very low birth weight is not well characterized. We obtained high-resolution structural magnetic resonance images from children aged 18-22 months (16 very low birth weight/7 term) and 3-4 years (12 very low birth weight/8 term). Cortical surface area and thickness of the brain were assessed using the FreeSurfer data analysis program, and manually inspected for accuracy.

Retention of entry-level faculty members in obstetrics and gynecology.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine retention rates of entry-level physician faculty members in obstetrics and gynecology.

Study Design: Ongoing data were collected by the Association of American Medical Colleges between 1981 and 2009 for full-time, entry-level assistant professors to determine whether they remained at their original departments, switched to another school, or left academia. Retention curves and 5- and 10-year retention rates at their original department and for academia were determined.

A system-based intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening uptake.

Objective: To determine whether mailing guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBTs) directly to patients who are due for colorectal cancer screening would achieve higher screening uptake than using visit-based screening.

Study Design: Comparative effectiveness analysis.

Methods: We used an electronic medical record to identify 7053 New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System patients aged 50 to 80 years who were due for screening in 2008.

Urgency urinary incontinence in women 50 years or older: incidence, remission, and predictors of change.

Objectives: : To estimate 2-year incidence, remission, and predictors of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) in a community-based population of women 50 years or older.

Methods: : We analyzed the 2004 to 2006 data in the Health and Retirement Study. Subjects were women 50 years or older with baseline and follow-up UUI information.

Trends in salaries of obstetrics-gynecology faculty, 2000-01 to 2008-09.

Objective: We sought to determine whether downward trends in inflation-adjusted salaries (1989-99) continued for obstetrics and gynecology faculty.

Study Design: Data were gathered from the Faculty Salary Survey from the Association of American Medical Colleges for academic years 2001 through 2009. We compared median physician salaries adjusted for inflation according to rank and specialty.

Medical students' awareness of traditional Southwest Native American values during pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: To determine if medical students' attendance at specialized prenatal clinics for Southwest Native American women would impact their awareness of and comfort in discussing traditional and unique values during pregnancy.

Study Design: In this unblinded, randomized trial, all 154 third-year students rotating consecutively on our obstetrics-gynecology clerkship consented to enrolling in this study. Participants were randomly assigned either to attend a high-risk prenatal clinic (rural or urban locations) for Native American women or to not attend (control group).

Statin use does not prevent recurrent adenomatous polyp formation in a VA population.

Purpose: To evaluate whether statin use was associated with recurrent adenomatous polyps.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. We used electronic health records to evaluate veterans who underwent polypectomy between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001 and surveillance colonoscopy by December 2006.

Colorectal cancer screening adherence is higher with fecal immunochemical tests than guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: Determine whether colorectal cancer screening adherence is greater with fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) or guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT).

Methods: We used electronic health records to identify 3869 New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System primary care patients due for screening in 2008 for whom fecal blood testing was appropriate. We invited randomly selected patients by mail to participate in a study comparing FIT and gFOBT.