Healthcare utilization during transition to adult care in patients with spina bifida A population-based, longitudinal study in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Individuals with spina bifida (SB) may experience negative health outcomes because of an informal transition from pediatric to adult care that results in using the emergency room (ER ) for non-acute health problems.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of all people with SB in Ontario, Canada turning 18 years old between 2002 and 2011. These patients were followed for five years before and after age 18.

Prevalence and Natural History of Non-metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and natural history of nmCRPC prior to the adoption of novel androgen receptor axis-targeting therapies(ARAT).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of men with nmCRPC in Ontario, Canada between January 2007-March 2018. Patients with prostate cancer, castrate level of testosterone(<1.

A Retrospective Look at Term Outcomes After Definitive Surgical Repair for Traumatic Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injuries - Does Initial Management Make a Difference?

Objective: To compare the long-term outcomes of initial management of pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) in a large cohort of trauma patients undergoing urethral reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: 119 patients underwent urethral reconstruction by a single surgeon for PFUI at our center between 1998-2018. We compared initial PFUI management - primary realignment vs suprapubic tube (SPT) insertion alone.

Association between chronic bladder catheterisation and bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To compare the risk of bladder cancer and bladder cancer mortality among patients with chronic bladder catheterisation (indwelling or intermittent) to patients from the general population.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Population-based study in Ontario, Canada between 2003 and 2018.

Management of high-grade renal traumas with collecting system injuries.

Introduction: Approximately 50% of all high-grade renal traumas (HGRT, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] grade 4/5) have associated collecting system injuries. Although most of these collecting system injuries will heal spontaneously, approximately 20-30% of these injuries are managed with ureteric stents. The objective of the study was to review the management of HGRT with collecting system injuries in a level 1 trauma center.

Assessment of Secondary Sarcomas Among Patients With Cancer of the Abdomen or Pelvis Who Received Combinations of Surgery, Radiation, and Chemotherapy vs Surgery Alone.

Importance: The association of radiation and chemotherapy with the development of secondary sarcoma is known, but the contemporary risk has not been well characterized for patients with cancers of the abdomen and pelvis.

Objective: To compare the risk of secondary sarcoma among patients treated with combinations of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy with patients treated with surgery alone and the general population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study included 173 580 patients in Ontario, Canada, with nonmetastatic cancer of the prostate, bladder, colon, rectum or anus, cervix, uterus, or testis.

Rates of primary and secondary treatments for patients on active surveillance for localized prostate cancer-A population-based cohort study.

Background: The rate of primary and secondary treatment while on active surveillance (AS) for localized prostate cancer at the general population level is unknown. Our objective was to determine the patterns of secondary treatments after primary surgery or radiation for patients who undergo AS.

Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of men aged 50-80 years old in Ontario, Canada, between 2008 and 2016.

Comprehensive assessment of the morbidity of renal mass biopsy: A population-based assessment of biopsy-related complications.

Introduction: We sought to assess seven-day and 30-day complications following renal mass biopsy (RMB), including mortality, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and operative and non-operative complications and compare these to rates in population-matched controls.

Methods: We performed a population-based, matched, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing RMB following consultation with a urologist and axial imaging from 2003-2015 in Ontario, Canada. Data on seven-day and 30-day rates of mortality, as well as operative and non operative complications after RMB were reported.

Complications after surgery for benign prostatic enlargement: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To examine the complication rates after benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) surgery and the effects of age, comorbidity and preoperative medical therapy.

Design: A retrospective, population-based cohort study using linked administrative data.

Setting: Ontario, Canada.

Is There an Association between Urinary Incontinence and Mortality? A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown an association between urinary incontinence and increased mortality independently of demographics and health status. However, they do not account for the effect of frailty as a state of vulnerability. We evaluated whether there is an association between urinary incontinence and mortality and, if so, whether adjustment for a frailty index would affect the association.

Coming Together: A Review of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma's Updated Kidney Injury Scale to Facilitate Multidisciplinary Management.

The purpose of this article is to review the renal injury scale revised by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma in 2018, to identify terms commonly used in discussions between radiologists and surgeons and to properly apply the new classification parameters to various MDCT findings. The updated 2018 kidney injury scale from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma incorporates the delineations necessary for modern nonoperative management of renal trauma, including percutaneous and endourologic techniques, and discusses the imaging criteria for each injury grade.

Pelvic Complications After Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy and Their Management: An International Collaborative Narrative Review.

Context: Radiotherapy used for treating localized prostate cancer is effective at prolonging cancer-specific and overall survival. Still, acute and late pelvic toxicities are a concern, with gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) sequelae being most common as well as other pelvic complications.

Objective: To present a critical review of the literature regarding the incidence and risk factors of pelvic toxicity following primary radiotherapy for prostate cancer and to provide a narrative review regarding its management.

The cost of treatment and its related complications for men who receive surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

Introduction: We sought to examine the costs related to treatment and treatment-related complications for patients treated with surgery or radiation for localized prostate cancer.

Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of men who underwent open radical prostatectomy or radiation from 2004-2009 in Ontario, Canada. Costs, including initial treatment and inpatient hospitalization, emergency room visit, outpatient consultation, physician billings, and medication costs, were determined for five years following treatment using a validated costing algorithm.

Variation and Trends in Antidepressant Prescribing for Men Undergoing Treatment for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Psychological distress is prevalent among men with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the variation in antidepressant use among individuals throughout the survivorship period is unknown. We sought to examine the variation and trends in receipt of antidepressants after PCa treatment, among patients with nonmetastatic PCa.

The effect of selection and referral biases for the treatment of localised prostate cancer with surgery or radiation.

Background: Consultation with radiation oncologists, in addition to urologists, is advocated for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment patterns for patients receiving consultation from radiation oncologists in addition to urologists have not previously been described.

Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study of men with newly diagnosed non-metastatic prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada.

Null association between androgen-deprivation therapy and nonprostate cancer mortality among older men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Background: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and the development of cardiovascular disease in men with metastatic prostate cancer. We sought to examine the effect of ADT on nonprostate cancer mortality among patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of men aged 66 years and older treated with surgery or radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada from 2002 to 2009 using administrative datasets (including the Ontario Cancer Registry, Ontario Drug Benefit, and Ontario Health Insurance Plan).

Association Between Primary Local Treatment and Non-prostate Cancer Mortality in Men With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To assess the association between local treatment modality, surgery or radiotherapy, and non-prostate cancer and cardiovascular mortality in patients treated for nonmetastatic prostate cancer, given the high competing risk of mortality in this population.

Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of men treated for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada, from 2002 to 2009. Patients treated with surgery and radiotherapy were matched on demographics, comorbidity, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Association Between Use of Antithrombotic Medication and Hematuria-Related Complications.

Importance: Antithrombotic medications are among the most commonly prescribed medications.

Objective: To characterize rates of hematuria-related complications among patients taking antithrombotic medications.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Population-based, retrospective cohort study including all citizens in Ontario, Canada, aged 66 years and older between 2002 and 2014.

Adjuvant Versus Salvage Radiotherapy for Patients With Adverse Pathological Findings Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Decision Analysis.

Patients undergoing surgery for prostate cancer who have adverse pathological findings experience high rates of recurrence. While there are data supporting adjuvant radiotherapy compared to a wait-and-watch strategy to reduce recurrence rates, there are no randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant radiotherapy with the other standard of care, salvage radiotherapy (radiotherapy administered at the time of recurrence). We constructed a health state transition (Markov) model employing two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation using a lifetime horizon to compare the quality-adjusted survival associated with postoperative strategies using adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy.

Cardiovascular and Skeletal-related Events Following Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment: Role of Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Androgen Deprivation.

Objective: To examine the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and primary treatment modality on cardiovascular and skeletal-related events and to investigate potential effect modification in a contemporary cohort of patients treated for clinically localized prostate cancer.

Subjects And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases for men aged 65-79 years who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for cT1 or cT2 prostate cancer from 2000 to 2008. We categorized treatment according to primary therapy and receipt of ADT.

Hospitalizations to Manage Complications of Modern Prostate Cancer Treatment in Older Men.

Objective: To assess rates of treatment-related hospitalizations following surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer, given the importance of hospitalizations in healthcare resource utilization.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65-79 years receiving radical prostatectomy (open or minimally invasive) or radiotherapy (brachytherapy or external beam) from 2001 to 2008 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology & End Results-Medicare linked databases. We assessed treatment-related hospitalizations.

Survival and cardiovascular events in men treated with testosterone replacement therapy: an intention-to-treat observational cohort study.

Background: Conflicting evidence exists for the association between testosterone replacement therapy and mortality and cardiovascular events. The US Food and Drug Administration recently cautioned that testosterone replacement therapy might increase risk of heart attack and stroke, based on evidence from studies with short treatment duration and follow-up. No previous study has assessed the effect of duration of testosterone treatment on these outcomes.

Effect of radical prostatectomy surgeon volume on complication rates from a large population-based cohort.

Introduction: Surgical volume can affect several outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP). We examined if surgical volume was associated with novel categories of treatment-related complications following RP.

Methods: We examined a population-based cohort of men treated with RP in Ontario, Canada between 2002 and 2009.

Second malignancies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Data Sources: Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year or language.