PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL FAILURE-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE.

Long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) has considerably improved the management of intestinal failure (IF) in children and adults, particularly those with short bowel syndrome; however, it carries a significant risk of hepatotoxicity, specifically intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), also known as PN-associated liver disease (PNALD). This review provides an update on the latest understanding of IFALD pathogenesis, emerging therapies, and ongoing challenges in management of this complication. A number of factors are associated with development of IFALD.