Initiating guidance values for novel biological stability parameters in drinking water to control regrowth in the distribution system.

Nine novel biological stability parameters for drinking water have been developed recently. Here, we report data for these nine parameters in treated water from 34 treatment plants in the Netherlands to deduce guidance values for these parameters. Most parameters did not show a strong correlation with another biological stability parameter in the same sample, demonstrating that most parameters hold different information on the biological stability of drinking water.

Corroding copper and steel exposed to intermittently flowing tap water promote biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila.

The information about the impact of copper pipes on the growth of Legionella pneumophila in premise plumbing is controversial. For this reason, pipe segments of copper, stainless steel (SS), mild steel (MS), polyethylene, chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) and glass (controls) were exposed to intermittently flowing (20 min stagnation time) nonchlorinated tap water of 37 °C or 16 °C (ambient temperature) during six months to study the impact of metals on biofilm formation and growth of L. pneumophila.

Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in Sewage and Correlation with Reported COVID-19 Prevalence in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in The Netherlands.

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a significant proportion of cases shed SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with their faeces. To determine if SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in sewage during the emergence of COVID-19 in The Netherlands, sewage samples of six cities and the airport were tested using four qRT-PCR assays, three targeting the nucleocapsid gene (N1-N3) and one the envelope gene (E). No SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on February 6, 3 weeks before the first Dutch case was reported.

Primary Colonizing Play a Key Role in the Growth of in Biofilms on Surfaces Exposed to Drinking Water Treated by Slow Sand Filtration.

Slow sand filtration with extensive pretreatment reduces the microbial growth potential of drinking water to a minimum level at four surface water supplies in The Netherlands. The potential of these slow sand filtrates (SSFs) to promote microbial growth in warm tap water installations was assessed by measuring biofilm formation and growth of bacteria on glass and chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) surfaces exposed to SSFs at 37 ± 2°C in a model system for up to six months. The steady-state biofilm concentration ranged from 230 to 3,980 pg ATP cm on glass and 1.

Biofilm Composition and Threshold Concentration for Growth of Legionella pneumophila on Surfaces Exposed to Flowing Warm Tap Water without Disinfectant.

in potable water installations poses a potential health risk, but quantitative information about its replication in biofilms in relation to water quality is scarce. Therefore, biofilm formation on the surfaces of glass and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) in contact with tap water at 34 to 39°C was investigated under controlled hydraulic conditions in a model system inoculated with biofilm-grown The biofilm on glass (average steady-state concentration, 23 ± 9 pg ATP cm) exposed to treated aerobic groundwater (0.3 mg C liter; 1 μg assimilable organic carbon [AOC] liter) did not support growth of the organism, which also disappeared from the biofilm on CPVC (49 ± 9 pg ATP cm) after initial growth.

Multidrug-Resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dutch Surface Water and Wastewater.

Objective: The goal of the current study was to gain insight into the prevalence and concentrations of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli in Dutch surface water, and to explore the role of wastewater as AMR contamination source.

Methods: The prevalence of AMR E. coli was determined in 113 surface water samples obtained from 30 different water bodies, and in 33 wastewater samples obtained at five health care institutions (HCIs), seven municipal wastewater treatment plants (mWWTPs), and an airport WWTP.

Accumulation of enteric bacteriophage in fresh water sediments.

Our study aimed to assess the accumulation of bacteriophages in sandy and clayey fresh water sediments. All of the 24 natural fresh water sediments were positive for somatic and F-specific phages, though their concentrations in the overlying water were undetectable in 1 and 11 samples, respectively, out of 24, corresponding to 4 and 46% for somatic and F-specific phages, respectively. Based on the sediment-to-water ratios, F-specific phages accumulate over 100 times more than the somatic coliphages in clayey sediments.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water from private water supplies in the Netherlands.

The microbiological quality of drinking water from 144 private water supplies in the Netherlands was tested and additionally the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 was examined. Faecal indicators were enumerated by using standard membrane filtration methods. The presence of E.

Isolation and detection of enterovirus RNA from large-volume water samples by using the NucliSens miniMAG system and real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification.

Concentration of water samples is a prerequisite for the detection of the low virus levels that are present in water and may present a public health hazard. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, standardized molecular method for the detection of enteroviruses in large-volume surface water samples, using a concentration method suitable for the detection of infectious viruses as well as virus RNA. Concentration of water was achieved by a conventional filter adsorption-elution method and ultrafiltration, resulting in a 10,000-fold concentration of the sample.

Noroviruses in archival samples.

Application of recent techniques to detect current pathogens in archival effluent samples collected and concentrated in 1987 lead to the characterization of norovirus GGII.6 Seacroft, unrecognized until 1990 in a clinical sample. Retrospective studies will likely increase our knowledge about waterborne transmission of emerging pathogens.