Domination based classification algorithms for the controllability analysis of biological interaction networks.

Deciding the size of a minimum dominating set is a classic NP-complete problem. It has found increasing utility as the basis for classifying vertices in networks derived from protein-protein, noncoding RNA, metabolic, and other biological interaction data. In this context it can be helpful, for example, to identify those vertices that must be present in any minimum solution.

Molecular Subtyping and Outlier Detection in Human Disease Using the Paraclique Algorithm.

Recent discoveries of distinct molecular subtypes have led to remarkable advances in treatment for a variety of diseases. While subtyping via unsupervised clustering has received a great deal of interest, most methods rely on basic statistical or machine learning methods. At the same time, techniques based on graph clustering, particularly clique-based strategies, have been successfully used to identify disease biomarkers and gene networks.

MicroRNA Profiling in Adipose Before and After Weight Loss Highlights the Role of miR-223-3p and the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Objective: Adipose tissue plays a key role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. MicroRNA (miRNA) are gene regulatory molecules involved in intercellular and inter-organ communication. It was hypothesized that miRNA levels in adipose tissue would change after gastric bypass surgery and that this would provide insights into their role in obesity-induced metabolic dysregulation.

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis reveals loci that distinguish different types of adipose tissue in obese individuals.

Background: Epigenetic mechanisms provide an interface between environmental factors and the genome and are known to play a role in complex diseases such as obesity. These mechanisms, including DNA methylation, influence the regulation of development, differentiation and the establishment of cellular identity. Here we employ two approaches to identify differential methylation between two white adipose tissue depots in obese individuals before and after gastric bypass and significant weight loss.

Lower Bounds on Paraclique Density.

The scientific literature teems with clique-centric clustering strategies. In this paper we analyze one such method, the paraclique algorithm. Paraclique has found practical utility in a variety of application domains, and has been successfully employed to reduce the effects of noise.

Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.

Background: As well as being highly comorbid conditions, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) share a number of clinically-relevant phenomena. This raises questions about similarities and overlap in diagnosis and aetiological pathways that may exist for both conditions.

Aims: To examine maternal conditions and perinatal factors for children diagnosed with an ASD, with or without ID, and children with ID of unknown cause, compared with unaffected children.

One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates.

Background: Animal studies and trials in older children and adults suggest that a one dose per day regimen of gentamicin is superior to a multiple doses per day regimen.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of one dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin in suspected or proven sepsis in neonates.

Search Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library, April 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2011), EMBASE 1980 to April 2011, and CINAHL (December 1982 to April 2011).

Health and retirement in Europe.

We use discrete-time hazard models with internationally comparable data from the full eight waves of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to study the relationship between retirement and health in nine European countries. Our results provide new evidence of the relationship of health shocks to early retirement. The pattern of results across countries reflects international differences in the incentives created by social security systems.

Effect of an extended midwifery postnatal support programme on the duration of breast feeding: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: to evaluate the effects of an extended midwifery support (EMS) programme on the proportion of women who breast feed fully to six months.

Design: randomised controlled trial.

Setting: large public teaching hospital in Australia.

Patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants receiving phototherapy: does shielding the chest make a difference? A randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a common complication in extremely preterm infants, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Phototherapy has been associated with PDA, and one randomized, control trial has shown that shielding of the chest may decrease the risk of PDA.

Aim: To examine if chest shielding reduces the incidence and severity of PDA in extremely preterm infants.

Preventing postnatal depression in mothers of very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To test whether a cognitive-behaviour therapy intervention program reduces the prevalence of depression during the first postnatal year in mothers of very preterm babies.

Design: Prospective, single blind, randomised, controlled study.

Setting: Perinatal centre in Western Australia.

Repeated antenatal corticosteroids: effects on cerebral palsy and childhood behavior.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids on childhood behavior and disabilities, including cognitive delay and cerebral palsy.

Study Design: Nonrandomized regional cohort of 541 very preterm infants born in Western Australia from singleton pregnancies and alive at 3 years were included in the study.

Main Outcome Measures: Physical, cognitive, and psychological assessments up to 6 years.

Impact of postnatal depression on breastfeeding duration.

Background: Postnatal depression can cause adverse effects on both mother and infant, but its impact on breastfeeding duration is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal postnatal depression and breastfeeding duration.

Methods: A cohort of 1745 women was recruited on the postnatal wards of two large Australian obstetric hospitals.

Stress debriefing after childbirth: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To test whether critical incident stress debriefing after childbirth reduces the incidence of postnatal psychological disorders.

Design: Randomised single-blind controlled trial stratified for parity and delivery mode.

Setting: Two large maternity hospitals in Perth.