3-Month Melatonin Supplementation to Reduce Brain Oxidative Stress and Improve Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Melatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, circadian rhythm synchronisation and sleep promotion. Since these areas are also recognised risk factors for dementia, melatonin has been hypothesised to slow cognitive decline in older adults. Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were recruited from the community for a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled parallel, feasibility trial of 25 mg oral melatonin nightly.

Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia in the treatment of adolescent insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Insomnia is common in adolescents with associated negative health consequences. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Key electronic databases, including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, were systematically searched from inception to October 2024, and five randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis.

Exploring the pharmacist role in insomnia management and care provision: A scoping review.

Background: Insomnia is a highly burdensome sleep disorder, with a global prevalence of approximately 30% in adults. Insomnia has negative effects on daily functioning and can play a pivotal role in the development and progression of comorbid mental and physical disease. Therefore, appropriate and timely management is essential.

Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in the memory clinic: A comparison of questionnaires, pulse oximetry, and polysomnography.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among older adults and has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. The suitability of screening tools for detecting OSA in memory clinic settings is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the utility and validity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and pulse oximeter as a screening tool, compared to gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) in older adults attending a memory clinic.

Hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep mediates memory impairment in older adults at risk for dementia via CA1 hippocampal volume loss.

Background And Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased dementia risk. Nocturnal hypoxemia, which can be more severe during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, may be a key mechanism. This study examines how REM hypoxemia affects memory and explores whether hippocampal vulnerability to hypoxemia mediates this effect in older adults at risk for dementia.

Cardio-metabolic health effects of CPAP treatment for sleep apnoea during weight loss: A randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background And Aims: This study assessed whether the addition of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during weight loss would enhance cardiometabolic health improvements in patients with obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA).

Methods And Results: Patients with overweight or obesity, pre-diabetes and moderatesevere OSA were randomised to receive CPAP therapy with a weight loss programme (CPAP+WL) or a weight loss programme alone (WL alone).

Primary Outcome: 2-hour glucose assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test.

Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by disordered breathing during sleep and is associated with major cardiovascular complications; excess adiposity is an etiologic risk factor. Tirzepatide may be a potential treatment.

Methods: We conducted two phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials involving adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and obesity.

Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Cannabis and its major constituents, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are being widely used to treat sleep disturbances. However, THC can cause acute cognitive and psychomotor impairment and there are concerns that driving and workplace safety might be compromised the day after evening use. Here, we examined possible 'next day' impairment following evening administration of a typical medicinal cannabis oil in adults with insomnia disorder, compared to matched placebo.

A comparison of two obesity-related hypoventilation disorders: Impact on sleep, quality of life and neurocognitive outcomes and the effects of positive airway pressure therapy.

Study Objectives: Symptom impact and neurocognitive function have not been previously compared between patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation disorders (obesity hypoventilation syndrome [OHS]) and hypoventilation in the setting of obesity and obstructive airways disease (OHAD). The aim of this study is to compare baseline sleep-related symptoms, health-related quality of life, and neurocognitive function between OHS and OHAD and the impact of PAP therapy on these outcomes.

Methods: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quality Index (PSQI), SF36, and various neurocognitive tests, in addition to anthropometric, polysomnography, lung function, and blood gas data from participants with OHS and participants with OHAD, were included in the analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnoea in obesity: A review.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common comorbidity that occurs in individuals with obesity. It classically manifests with excessive daytime sleepiness, resulting in reduced quality of life, workplace productivity, and an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. Weight gain plays an important role in its pathogenesis through worsening upper airway collapsibility, and current treatment options are targeted towards mechanically overcoming upper airway obstruction and weight loss.

Detection of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid using two point-of-collection testing devices following oral administration of a THC and cannabidiol containing oil.

Point-of-collection testing (POCT) devices are widely used in roadside and workplace drug testing to identify recent cannabis use by measuring the presence of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid (OF). However, the performance of POCT devices with oral medicinal cannabis products remains poorly described. In a randomised, double-blinded, crossover trial, adults with insomnia disorder (n = 20) received a single (2 mL) oral dose of oil containing 10 mg THC + 200 mg cannabidiol, or placebo, prior to sleep.

REducing Sleep Apnoea for the PrEvention of Dementia (REShAPED): Protocol for a multi-site feasibility randomised controlled trial.

There is accumulating evidence that has linked OSA with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Here we present the protocol for an Australian, multi-site randomised controlled, parallel open-label trial which will evaluate the feasibility for a full-scale trial investigating the effects of treating OSA on cognitive decline in older adults at risk of dementia within memory clinic settings. We will randomise 180 older adults to either the treatment intervention group or control group for 2 years.

Comparative short-term safety and efficacy of hypnotics: A quantitative risk-benefit analysis.

Several professional societies have provided recommendations for prescribing medications for insomnia. None has provided an integrative analysis that concurrently quantifies safety and efficacy (e.g.

Giving weight to incretin-based pharmacotherapy for obesity-related sleep apnea: a revolution or a pipe dream?

Obesity is a chronic disease affecting over 670 million adults globally, with multiple complications including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Substantial weight loss in patients with obesity-related OSA can reduce or even eliminate OSA as well as reduce sleepiness and improve cardio-metabolic health. Evidence suggests that these improvements exceed those that occur with device-based OSA therapies like continuous positive airway pressure which continue to be the first-line of therapy.

Cannabinol (CBN; 30 and 300 mg) effects on sleep and next-day function in insomnia disorder ('CUPID' study): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, three-arm, proof-of-concept trial.

Objective: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, with few effective pharmacotherapies. Anecdotal reports and recent preclinical research suggest that cannabinol (CBN), a constituent of derived from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, could be an effective treatment. Despite this, the isolated effects of CBN on sleep have yet to be systematically studied in humans.

Melatonin use in children and adolescents: A scoping review of caregiver perspectives.

Despite melatonin's popularity as a pediatric sleep-aid, little has been investigated around caregivers' understanding and perception of melatonin use for their dependent. This scoping review analyzes the current literature on pediatric melatonin use, to understand how caregivers' perceptions around melatonin are shaped by their illness/medication-related beliefs, treatment experience and preferences. A literature search was conducted across Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus, generating 184 results for screening against the inclusion criteria.

Embedding digital sleep health into primary care practice: A triangulation of perspectives from general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists.

Introduction: While digital health interventions (DHIs) can potentially address the unmet needs for sleep health services, little is known about their implementation in practice. The current study aimed to explore primary care health providers' attitudes and beliefs towards DHIs for sleep and implementation into practice.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to Australian primary care health professionals: general practitioners (GPs), community nurses, and community pharmacists.