Preoperative coronary interventions for preventing acute myocardial infarction in the perioperative period of major open vascular or endovascular surgery.

Background: Postoperative myocardial infarction (POMI) is associated with major surgeries and remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in people undergoing vascular surgery, with an incidence rate ranging from 5% to 20%. Preoperative coronary interventions, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), may help prevent acute myocardial infarction in the perioperative period of major vascular surgery when used in addition to routine perioperative drugs (e.g.

Accuracy of duplex ultrasonography versus angiotomography for the diagnosis of extracranial internal carotid stenosis.

Introduction: Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis causes about 15% of ischemic strokes. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the first line of investigation of ICA stenosis, but its accuracy varies in the literature and it is usual to complement the study with another more accurate exam when faced with significant stenosis. There is a lack of studies that compare DUS with angiotomography (CTA) in the present literature.

Primary results of the brazilian registry of atherothrombotic disease (NEAT).

There is limited contemporary prospective real-world evidence of patients with chronic arterial disease in Latin America. The Network to control atherothrombosis (NEAT) registry is a national prospective observational study of patients with known coronary (CAD) and/or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Brazil. A total of 2,005 patients were enrolled among 25 sites from September 2020 to March 2022.

Prophylactic anticoagulants for non-hospitalised people with COVID-19.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare systems worldwide. Multiple reports on thromboembolic complications related to COVID-19 have been published, and researchers have described that people with COVID-19 are at high risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Anticoagulants have been used as pharmacological interventions to prevent arterial and venous thrombosis, and their use in the outpatient setting could potentially reduce the prevalence of vascular thrombosis and associated mortality in people with COVID-19.

Pharmacological interventions for asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Background: Carotid artery stenosis is narrowing of the carotid arteries. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis is when this narrowing occurs in people without a history or symptoms of this disease. It is caused by atherosclerosis; that is, the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

Duplex ultrasound for surveillance of lower limb revascularisation.

Background: Lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) - also known as peripheral arterial disease - refers to the obstruction or narrowing of the large arteries of the lower limbs, most commonly caused by atheromatous plaque. Although in many cases of less severe disease patients can be asymptomatic, the major clinical manifestations of LEAD are intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischaemia, also known as chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Revascularisation procedures including angioplasty, stenting, and bypass grafting may be required for those in whom the disease is severe or does not improve with non-surgical interventions.

Stenting or angioplasty for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Although the cornerstone treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains anticoagulation, clinicians perform stenting or angioplasty (SA) in particular patients. To assess the effects of SA in this setting, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Methods: Based on the Cochrane standards, we searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS and IBECS databases, and trial registries.

Smoking cessation for peripheral arterial disease: systematic review protocol.

Background: peripheral arterial disease has smoking as its main avoidable vascular risk factor. However, most studies do not focus on smoking as the main exposure variable.

Objectives: to assess the impact of smoking cessation interventions versus active comparator, placebo or no intervention, on peripheral arterial disease outcomes.

Vascular complications in 305 severely ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study.

Background: Although an association has been made between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and microvascular disease, data on vascular complications (other than venous thromboembolism) are sparse.

Objective: To investigate the vascular complications in severely ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their association with all-cause mortality.

Design And Setting: This cohort study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.

Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which comprises deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the leading cause of preventable death in hospitalised people and the third most common cause of mortality in surgical patients. People undergoing bariatric surgery have the additional risk factor of being overweight. Although VTE prophylaxis in surgical patients is well established, the best way to prevent VTE in those undergoing bariatric surgery is less clear.

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis.

Background: Antiplatelet agents may be useful for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) when used in addition to best medical practice (BMP), which includes anticoagulation, compression stockings, and clinical care such as physical exercise, skin hydration, etc. Antiplatelet agents could minimise complications such as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and pulmonary embolism (PE). They may also reduce the recurrence of the disease (recurrent venous thromboembolism (recurrent VTE)).

Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment.

Background: The use of mechanical thrombectomy to restore intracranial blood flow after proximal large artery occlusion by a thrombus has increased over time and led to better outcomes than intravenous thrombolytic therapy alone. Currently, the type of anaesthetic technique during mechanical thrombectomy is under debate as having a relevant impact on neurological outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the effects of different types of anaesthesia for endovascular interventions in people with acute ischaemic stroke.

Duplex ultrasound for diagnosing symptomatic carotid stenosis in the extracranial segments.

Background: Carotid artery stenosis is an important cause of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Correctly and rapidly identifying patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis is essential for adequate treatment with early cerebral revascularization. Doubts about the diagnostic value regarding the accuracy of duplex ultrasound (DUS) and the possibility of using DUS as the single diagnostic test before carotid revascularization are still debated.

External validation of Villalta score in high-middle income country patients with deep vein thrombosis.

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a late complication that does not have a cure yet, with a prevalence estimated between 20 to 75%, associated with previous deep vein thrombosis event. Although the Villalta score (VS) is the gold-standard clinical tool for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of PTS, there are currently no VS intra-rater agreement established and no validation studies for VS' application into Brazilian Portuguese. We sought to translate and validate VS reliability systematically; and, secondarily, to compare the ultrasound findings with the severity of PTS.

Carotid Plaque Composition and the Importance of Non-Invasive in Imaging Stroke Prevention.

Luminal stenosis has been the standard feature for the current management strategies in patients with atherosclerotic carotid disease. Histological and imaging studies show considerable differences between plaques with identical degrees of stenosis. They indicate that specific plaque characteristics like Intraplaque hemorrhage, Lipid Rich Necrotic Core, Plaque Inflammation, Thickness and Ulceration are responsible for the increased risk of ischemic events.

Ventilatory weaning strategies for predicting extubation success in children following cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) comprises the anatomic malformations that jeopardise the structure and function of the heart. It can be extremely complex and serious, corresponding to 30% of all deaths in the first month of life. The surgical approach for adequate treatment requires postoperative mechanical ventilation.

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID-19.

Background: The primary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory insufficiency that can also be related to diffuse pulmonary microthrombosis and thromboembolic events, such as pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or arterial thrombosis. People with COVID-19 who develop thromboembolism have a worse prognosis. Anticoagulants such as heparinoids (heparins or pentasaccharides), vitamin K antagonists and direct anticoagulants are used for the prevention and treatment of venous or arterial thromboembolism.

Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults.

Background: Arterial vascular access is a frequently performed procedure, with a high possibility for adverse events (e.g. pneumothorax, haemothorax, haematoma, amputation, death), and additional techniques such as ultrasound may be useful for improving outcomes.

Treatment for telangiectasias and reticular veins.

Background: Telangiectasias (spider veins) and reticular veins on the lower limbs are very common, increase with age, and have been found in 41% of women. The cause is unknown and the patients may be asymptomatic or can report pain, burning or itching. Treatments include sclerotherapy, laser, intense pulsed light, microphlebectomy and thermoablation, but none is established as preferable.

Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for effects of antithrombotic drugs for lower-limb revascularization. A narrative review.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by progressive narrowing of the arterial lumen, resulting from atherosclerotic plaques. Treatment for PAD aims to control atherosclerosis and improve blood flow. Use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants has played important roles in helping to prevent occlusions and stenosis.