Incidence of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents during peace and war times in Yemen.

Aim: To calculate a 30-year incidence rates of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sana'a city, Yemen during peace and wartimes.

Methods: A total of 461 patients aged between 8 months and 18 years with newly diagnosed diabetes were registered between 1989 and 2018. We used a standardized protocol for counting cases over time.

USA endometrial cancer projections to 2030: should we be concerned?

Aim: As the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) increased considerably since 2007, this study aimed to project the burden of EC to the year 2030.

Methods: Multivariate linear regression was used to project EC incidence by modeling trends in EC incidence from 1990 to 2013, while accounting for temporal changes in obesity, hysterectomy and smoking.

Results: The best-fitting model predicting EC rates included a time effect plus effects for hysterectomy (12-year lag), severe obesity (3-year lag) and smoking (9-year lag).

Glucose control in Rwandan youth with type 1 diabetes following establishment of systematic, HbA1c based, care and education.

Aims: To assess change in glycemic control concurrent with increased clinic visits, HbA1c testing, and education. Rates of complications were also examined.

Methods: A 1-2 year follow-up of 214 members of the Rwanda Life for a Child program (aged <26 years) with a first HbA1c between June 2009 and November 2010 was conducted.

All-cause mortality in a population-based type 1 diabetes cohort in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes remains a significant source of premature mortality; however, its burden has not been assessed in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI).

Building research capacity in developing countries: cost-effectiveness of an epidemiology course taught by traditional and video-teleconferencing methods in Pakistan.

Background: Building research capacity in developing countries using cost-effective methods has been recognized as an important pillar for the production of a sound evidence base for decision-making in policy and practice. We assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a research training course conducted using traditional methods as well as the video-teleconferencing (VTC) method in Pakistan.

Subjects And Methods: A 9-day epidemiology research training course was offered to physicians in Pakistan (92%) and Bangladesh (8%).

Incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth in the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2001-2010.

Objective: To report the annual incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youth and to describe characteristics of youth diagnosed with diabetes in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI).

New directions in building a scientific social network: Experiences in the Supercourse project and application to Central Asia.

Introduction: Networking leaders in the field of public health and medicine is very important for improving health locally and globally, especially in times of disaster.

Methods: Fishing can best be defined as using an internet search engine to find the name and email address of the person or organization that is being sought.

Results: With over 500 hours of work, the group compiled a list of nearly 2,000 email addresses of Ministers of Health, deans of the 1,800 medical schools and schools of public health, and heads of medical and public health societies.

Nurse educators establishing new venues in global nursing education.

Nurses represent the largest number of health care workers worldwide, but they are currently underutilized for global health practices. This may be due to the fact that global health programs are not incorporated in nursing education in many countries. The World Health organization (WHO) recognized the importance of building capacity and having well-prepared nurses who are able to exchange knowledge and expertise worldwide, but did not offer practical solutions.

All-cause mortality trends in a large population-based cohort with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: the Allegheny County type 1 diabetes registry.

Objective: Although management of type 1 diabetes improved dramatically in the 1980s, the effect on mortality is not clear.

Research Design And Methods: We report trends in 30-year mortality using the Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) childhood-onset (age <18 years) type 1 diabetes registry (n = 1,075) with diagnosis from 1965-1979, by dividing the cohort into three diagnosis year cohorts (1965-1969, 1970-1974, and 1975-1979). Local (Allegheny County) mortality data were used to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).

Chinese disasters and just-in-time education.

Just-in-time ( JIT) Educational Strategy has been applied successfully to share scientific knowledge about disasters in several countries. This strategy was introduced to China in 2008 with the hopes to quickly disseminate accurate scientific data to the population, and it was applied during the Sichuan Earthquake and Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak. Implementation of this strategy likely educated between 10,000 and 20,000,000 people.

Cause-specific mortality trends in a large population-based cohort with long-standing childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Little is known concerning the primary cause(s) of mortality in type 1 diabetes responsible for the excess mortality seen in this population.

Research Design And Methods: The Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) childhood-onset (age < 18 years) type 1 diabetes registry (n = 1,075) with diagnosis from 1965 to 1979 was used to explore patterns in cause-specific mortality. Cause of death was determined by a mortality classification committee of at least three physician epidemiologists, based on the death certificate and additional records surrounding the death.

Public awareness and disaster risk reduction: just-in-time networks and learning.

Improving public awareness through education has been recognized widely as a basis for reducing the risk of disasters. Some of the first disaster just-in-time (JIT) education modules were built within 3-6 days after the south Asia tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, and the Bam, Pakistan, and Indonesia earthquakes through a Supercourse. Web monitoring showed that visitors represented a wide spectrum of disciplines and educational levels from 120 developed and developing countries.

Investigating socio-economic-demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Background: To investigate the socio-economic and demographic determinants of tobacco use in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Methods: Cross sectional survey of households (population based) with 2018 respondent (1038 Rural; 980 Urban) was carried out in Rawalpindi (Pakistan) and included males and females 18-65 years of age. Main outcome measure was self reported daily tobacco use.

Ways to strengthen research capacity in developing countries: effectiveness of a research training workshop in Pakistan.

Background: Developing countries are currently facing the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Physician-scientists, trained in patient care and research skills, are crucial in performing cutting-edge clinical research in developing countries. A major, unmet challenge has been lack of local expertise and the increasing problem of 'brain drain'.

Introducing a model for communicable diseases surveillance: cell phone surveillance (CPS).

Background And Goal: Surveillance systems for communicable diseases are primarily passive in most countries, including Iran. Laboratory-based surveillance and use of cell phone surveillance may be a useful method.

Material And Method: We established a new model for gathering data directly from district laboratories to regional laboratories and from them to national manager of public health laboratories by using cell phone.

Association between infectious diseases and type 1 diabetes: a case-crossover study.

Background: To investigate the role of infectious diseases in the development of type 1 diabetes, this study estimated the relative risks of type 1 diabetes immediately after infectious diseases.

Research Design And Methods: A case-crossover design was employed. Information on infectious diseases during 407 d before the onset of type 1 diabetes was collected from medical records and parents' interviews for 260 patients in Chinese type 1 diabetes registry.

Metabolic syndrome among Caribbean-born persons living in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among four subpopulations in the United States Virgin Islands and to estimate the risk for the MS that is associated with waist circumference cutpoints among overweight and obese individuals.

Methods: In a study undertaken from 1995 to 1999, data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and a blood sample were obtained from a population-based cohort of 893 Caribbean-born persons from four population subgroups who were living on Saint Croix (the largest island of the U.S.

Cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies remain valuable in defining risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in subjects with other islet autoantibodies.

The discovery of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) was the prelude to the understanding that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The issue regarding whether or not the measurement of ICAs should be completely replaced by biochemical markers detecting islet autoantibodies (AAs) for the prediction of T1DM has been the subject of endless international debates. In light of this controversy, we assessed the current role of ICAs as a predictive marker for T1DM progression.

Brain drain from developing countries: how can brain drain be converted into wisdom gain?

Brain drain is defined as the migration of health personnel in search of the better standard of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide. This migration of health professionals for better opportunities, both within countries and across international borders, is of growing concern worldwide because of its impact on health systems in developing countries. Why do talented people leave their countries and go abroad? What are the consequences of such migrations especially on the educational sector? What policies can be adopted to stem such movements from developing countries to developed countries? This article seeks to raise questions, identify key issues and provide solutions which would enable immigrant health professionals to share their knowledge, skills and innovative capacities and thereby enhancing the economic development of their countries.

Epidemics of type 1 diabetes in China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to search for the seasonal and geographic variations in epidemics of type 1 diabetes in China.

Research Design And Methods: Incidence data from 22 type 1 diabetes registration centers across China were analyzed. A Poisson regression model with a sine wave function was applied to evaluate the seasonal trends.