Model of zonular forces on the lens capsule during accommodation.

How the human eye focuses for near; i.e. accommodates, is still being evaluated after more than 165 years.

Finite element analysis of zonular forces.

To determine the effect of zonular forces on lens capsule topography, a finite element (FE) analyses of lens capsules with no lens stroma and constant and variable thickness with anterior capsulotomies of 1.5 mm-6.5 mm were evaluated when subjected to equatorial (Ez), anterior (Az) and posterior (Pz) zonular forces.

Image registration of the human accommodating eye demonstrates equivalent increases in lens equatorial radius and central thickness.

Aim: To compare the results of human high resolution image registration studies of the eye during accommodation to the predictions of mathematical and finite element models of accommodation.

Methods: Data from published high quality image registration studies of pilocarpine induced accommodative changes of equatorial lens radius (ELR) and central lens thickness (CLT) were statistically analyzed.

Results: The mean changes in ELR and CLT were 6.

A Long-term Safety Study of Latanoprost in Pediatric Patients With Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: The objective was to assess the long-term effect of treatment with latanoprost on ocular development and safety in pediatric patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: This was a prospective 3-year cohort study conducted in 14 countries in Europe and South America.

A CCR2/5 Inhibitor, PF-04634817, Is Inferior to Monthly Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: Ligands for the proinflammatory C-C chemokine receptor types 2 and 5 (CCR2 and CCR5) are elevated in the eyes of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of PF-04634817, an oral CCR2/5 dual antagonist, versus intravitreal ranibizumab, in adult subjects with DME.

Methods: In this phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked study, eligible subjects (≥18 years of age) had type 1 or 2 diabetes and DME with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/32 or worse (letter score ≤ 78), and up to 20/320 or better (≥24 letter score), in the study eye.

Maximum human objectively measured pharmacologically stimulated accommodative amplitude.

Purpose: To measure the maximum, objectively measured, accommodative amplitude, produced by pharmacologic stimulation.

Methods: Thirty-seven healthy subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of 20.2±1.

Mechanism of accommodation assessed by change in precisely registered ocular images associated with concurrent change in auto-refraction.

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine the changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central lens thickness (CLT) during pharmacologically induced accommodation.

Methods: Following pupillary dilation with phenylephrine 10%, baseline auto-refractions and swept-source optical coherence tomographic biometric images (Zeiss IOLMaster 700) were obtained from the right eyes of 25 subjects aged 19 to 24 years. Pilocarpine 4% and phenylephrine 10% were then instilled into these right eyes.

Image registration reveals central lens thickness minimally increases during accommodation.

Purpose: To evaluate anterior chamber depth, central crystalline lens thickness and lens curvature during accommodation.

Setting: California Retina Associates, El Centro, CA, USA.

Design: Healthy volunteer, prospective, clinical research swept-source optical coherence biometric image registration study of accommodation.

Dose-ranging evaluation of intravitreal siRNA PF-04523655 for diabetic macular edema (the DEGAS study).

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of three doses of PF-04523655, a 19-nucleotide methylated double stranded siRNA targeting the RTP801 gene, for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) compared to focal/grid laser photocoagulation.

Methods: This multicenter, prospective, masked, randomized, active-controlled, phase 2 interventional clinical trial enrolled 184 DME patients with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 to 20/320 inclusive in the study eye. Patients were randomly assigned to 0.

Evaluation of the siRNA PF-04523655 versus ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (MONET Study).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different dosing paradigms of PF-04523655 (PF) versus ranibizumab (comparator) in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized, comparator-controlled exploratory study.

Participants: A total of 151 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to neovascular AMD who were naive to AMD therapy.