Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and granuloma formation following lower blepharoplasty.

Purpose: We hypothesize that lower blepharoplasty post-operative granuloma formation increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Observations: Retrospective consecutive case series of first-time lower blepharoplasties performed at an academic private practice. Odds ratios of post-operative granuloma formation before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using a logistic regression model controlling for age, gender, and surgical approach.

Neuroimaging in thyroid eye disease: A systematic review.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease secondary largely to hyperthyroid Graves' disease, which profoundly affects patients' visual function, appearance, and physical and mental well-being. Emerging neuroimaging studies have reported alterations in the brains of patients with TED, suggesting that the impact of this autoimmune disease may extend beyond the orbit. This systematic review aims to consolidate the neuroimaging evidence that describes the brain alterations of TED.

Idiopathic sclerosing dacryoadenitis.

Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal gland. This condition has an extensive differential diagnosis, requiring a thorough workup to identify the underlying etiology. If no etiology is identified, the condition is termed idiopathic dacryoadenitis.

Bilateral primary orbital xanthogranulomas: A case report and comparison of xanthomatous conditions.

This report describes an unusual and diagnostically challenging case of subcutaneous soft tissue xanthogranulomas of bilateral orbits of a 58-year-old female patient seen in a private oculoplastics practice. Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial in xanthogranulomatous diseases so that any systemic manifestations can be identified and addressed in a multidisciplinary fashion. Periorbital xanthogranuloma is a frequent early manifestation of adult xanthogranulomatous disease, and its association with life-threatening systemic disease requires accurate diagnosis and prompt work-up.

Cannabidiol as an Adjunct to Botulinum Toxin in Blepharospasm - A Randomized Pilot Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dose cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex) as adjunctive therapy for idiopathic adult-onset blepharospasm (BPS), as well as develop a novel objective assessment methodology to gauge response.

Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover design of 6 months duration of 12 patients with BPS undergoing routine maximal botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy and experiencing breakthrough symptoms. Participants received their standard BTX every 3 months and were randomized to group A = CBD daily in cycle 1, followed by placebo in cycle 2 or group B = placebo followed by CBD.

Orbital lymphocyte populations in three states of thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: We report histopathologic orbital tissue analysis from three patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) - active, chronic, and post-teprotumumab to better characterize orbital cellular populations in these varying states of TED.

Observations: Orbital tissues in TED demonstrate minimal lymphocytic infiltration in fat and Mueller's muscle. Following teprotumumab treatment, the tissues were devoid of lymphocytes with only perivascular cuffs of T-lymphocytes remaining in orbital fat.

IgG4-related disease presenting with profound bilateral orbital and adnexal inflammation.

Purpose: IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect almost every major organ system. Orbital and adnexal involvement in IgG4-related disease though not uncommon can be varied depending on the site of the lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. This case of profound bilateral orbital inflammation is presented to demonstrate the significant clinical manifestations of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Its Receptor in the Eye: A Review and Implications for IGF-1R Inhibition.

Purpose: FDA approval of teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease in January 2020 reinforced interest in the pharmacologic potential of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor, IGF-1R. Despite recent approval and adaptation for ophthalmic use, IGF-1R inhibitors are not a new therapeutic class. In 1986, Yamashita described aIR3, a monoclonal antibody to IGF-1R (anti-IGF-1R), that inhibited the effect of IGF-1 on growth hormone release.

Revisiting the single-eyelid hughes reconstruction - A report of two cases.

Purpose: The reconstruction of near-total upper eyelid defects is challenging and complicated. There are multiple possible techniques, including multi-stage lower eyelid flaps (such as Mustarde's lid-switch flap and the Cutler-Beard techniques) as well as single-stage techniques with free grafts. Here we present two patients requiring near-total upper eyelid repairs that were accomplished by a single-eyelid, single-stage technique using a tarsoconjunctival flap.

Teprotumumab-associated chronic hearing loss screening and proposed treatments.

We report a case of a woman in her 50s with chronic teprotumumab-associated sensorineural hearing loss. The patient presented with chronic thyroid eye disease with proptosis and diplopia despite systemic thyroid control and orbital decompression. She was started on teprotumumab but developed tinnitus after the third dose, followed by frank hearing loss after the fifth dose.

A 'never miss' diagnosis: Ptosis secondary to metastatic breast cancer diagnosed as involutional ptosis and a review of the literature.

We present a case of ptosis secondary to metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast which was initially diagnosed as involutional ptosis. A 67-year-old woman previously diagnosed with lobular carcinoma of the breast presented to our clinic with mild restriction of lateral gaze and persistent droopiness of her right eyelid (associated with decreased levator function) despite recent repair of a suspected involutional ptosis. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the right orbit which was biopsied and diagnosed as lobular carcinoma of the breast.

A case of ulcerative colitis associated with teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: To present a case of ulcerative colitis associated with teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease.

Observations: A 46-year-old Indian female was treated with teprotumumab (Tepezza) for severe thyroid eye disease within 9 months of diagnosis. The patient noted progression of her disease on oral prednisone and demonstrated severe, debilitating proptosis accompanied by eye ache and dry eyes.

Optical Device to Improve Eyelid Surgery.

Obtaining symmetry is one of the most critical challenges of bilateral blepharoplasty surgery. Current techniques rely on caliper measurements and the "eye" of the surgeon. This is time-consuming and prone to error.

Muir-Torre Syndrome Associated Periocular Sebaceous Neoplasms: Screening Patterns in the Literature and in Clinical Practice.

Background: Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is defined clinically as the association of cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm and visceral malignancy. Ancillary tests are considered crucial for diagnosis. Although screening guidelines for MTS, including the Mayo MTS scoring system, have been proposed, there are no ophthalmic site-specific guidelines.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) and associated cerebritis treated with adjuvant retrobulbar amphotericin B.

Purpose: We report a case of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) with focal anterior cerebritis treated favorably with retrobulbar amphotericin B and systemic antifungals.

Observations: A 55-year-old diabetic male presented to the emergency department with left sided proptosis, left temple headache, maxillary sinus pain, and diplopia of 3 days duration. Biopsy results from the left middle turbinate, ethmoid, and maxillary sinus revealed broad and irregular non-septate hyphae consistent with mucormycosis.