The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2024: phenotypes around the world.

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English.

Investigation into the genetics of fetal congenital lymphatic anomalies.

Objective: Congenital lymphatic anomalies (LAs) arise due to defects in lymphatic development and often present in utero as pleural effusion, chylothorax, nuchal and soft tissue edema, ascites, or hydrops. Many LAs are caused by single nucleotide variants, which are not detected on routine prenatal testing.

Methods: Demographic data were compared between two subcohorts, those with clinically significant fetal edema (CSFE) and isolated fetal edema.

Timing of Adjunctive Azithromycin for Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery and Postdelivery Infection.

Objective: To estimate the association between timing of administration of adjunctive azithromycin for prophylaxis at unscheduled cesarean delivery and maternal infection and neonatal morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of adjunctive azithromycin prophylaxis in patients with singleton gestations who were undergoing unscheduled cesarean delivery. The primary exposure was the timing of initiation of the study drug (after skin incision or 0-30 minutes, more than 30-60 minutes, or more than 60 minutes before skin incision).

The Association of Cesarean Skin Incision Length and Postoperative Wound Complications.

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between cesarean skin incision length and wound complications.

Study Design: Planned secondary analysis of a multicenter double-blind randomized trial of adjunctive azithromycin versus placebo (in addition to standard cefazolin) in women ≥24 weeks undergoing cesarean delivery during labor or ≥4 hours after membrane rupture. Skin incision length (cm) was measured just prior to skin closure.

Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery.

Background: The addition of azithromycin to standard regimens for antibiotic prophylaxis before cesarean delivery may further reduce the rate of postoperative infection. We evaluated the benefits and safety of azithromycin-based extended-spectrum prophylaxis in women undergoing nonelective cesarean section.

Methods: In this trial conducted at 14 centers in the United States, we studied 2013 women who had a singleton pregnancy with a gestation of 24 weeks or more and who were undergoing cesarean delivery during labor or after membrane rupture.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Measures of Self-reported Psychosocial States and Traits during Pregnancy.

 The aim of this study was to determine whether racial/ethnic differences in psychosocial measures, independent of economic status, exist among a large population of pregnant nulliparas.  Between October 2010 and September 2013, nulliparous women at eight U.S.