Retrospective Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of Host Resistance and Susceptibility to Ovine Johne's Disease Using Restored FFPE DNA.

Johne's disease (JD), also known as paratuberculosis, is a chronic, untreatable gastroenteritis of ruminants caused by subsp. (MAP) infection. Evidence for host genetic resistance to disease progression exists, although it is limited due to the extended incubation period (years) and diagnostic challenges.

Successful restoration of archived ovine formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.

Archived formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are powerful tools in medicine, capable of harboring diagnostic and genetic answers to challenging clinical questions. Successful utilization of DNA derived from FFPE samples is dependent upon repairing DNA damage generated from the fixation process. Methods to repair FFPE DNA have been successful in human medicine for a variety of research and clinical applications, yet remain underutilized in veterinary medicine.

Bio-distribution and in vivo antioxidant effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in mice.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have oxygen defects in their lattice structure that enables them to act as a regenerative free radical scavenger in a physiological environment. We performed a comprehensive in vivo analysis of the biological distribution and antioxidant capabilities of nanoceria administered to mice perorally (PO), intravenously (IV), or intraperitoneally (IP) by dosing animals weekly for 2 or 5 weeks with 0.5 mg kg(-1) nanoceria.

Anti-inflammatory properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles.

The valence and oxygen defect properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) suggest that they may act as auto-regenerative free radical scavengers. Overproduction of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammation. NO is correlated with disease activity and contributes to tissue destruction.

Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media.

Background: Community-wide use of conjugated heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) in children <2 years of age could affect the microbiology of acute otitis media (AOM) in vaccinees, particularly for penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP).

Setting: Since Summer 2000, 94% of young children cared for by this 7-clinician, pediatric practice in rural central Kentucky received 3 or 4 doses of PCV7 in the first 18 months of life.

Objective: To determine changes in microbiology of AOM before and after community-wide routine implementation of PCV7.

Pneumococcal serotypes from acute otitis media in rural Kentucky.

Objective: Acute otitis media (AOM) accounts for most infections caused by, but few data are available regarding the incidence of pneumococcal serotypes recovered from children with AOM in the United States.

Methods: Between January 1992 and March 1998, 777 middle ear pathogens from AOM were obtained from 701 patients by tympanocentesis (84.6%) or by culture of otorrhea (15.