Decreasing retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in human milk and infant formula using varied bottle systems.

Expressing human milk has become a more common alternative for mothers, as the average work demand has increased. As more mothers must work, bottle feeding trends are increasingly common. The handling and storage of human milk introduce the risk of degradation to expressed human milk and infant formula.

Comparative analysis of ascorbic acid in human milk and infant formula using varied milk delivery systems.

Background: The expression of human milk for later use is on the rise. Bottle systems are used to deliver the expressed milk. Research has shown that storage of both human milk and artificial baby milk, or infant formula, leads to a loss of ascorbic acid (commonly called Vitamin C).