Similarities between and genomes and horizontal gene transfer from their endosymbionts.

The taxa and are sympatric in Tunisia. The genetics underlying their morphological differences are unresolved. In this study, ticks collected in Jouza-Amdoun, Tunisia, were morphologically identified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies.

The Human Pathogen and the Fish Pathogen Trigger a Core Set of Late Innate Immune Response Genes in Zebrafish Larvae.

Zebrafish is a natural host of various species and a surrogate model organism for tuberculosis research. is evolutionarily one of the closest non-tuberculous species related to and shares the majority of virulence genes. Although zebrafish is not a natural host of the human pathogen, we have previously demonstrated successful robotic infection of zebrafish embryos with and performed drug treatment of the infected larvae.

The Madagascar palm genome provides new insights on the evolution of Apocynaceae specialized metabolism.

Specialized metabolites possess diverse interesting biological activities and some cardenolides- and monoterpene indole alkaloids- (MIAs) derived pharmaceuticals are currently used to treat human diseases such as cancers or hypertension. While these two families of biocompounds are produced by specific subfamilies of , one member of this medicinal plant family, the succulent tree Drake (also known as Madagascar palm), does not produce such specialized metabolites. To explore the evolutionary paths that have led to the emergence and loss of cardenolide and MIA biosynthesis in , we sequenced and assembled the genome by combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-reads and Illumina short-reads.

The Rauvolfia tetraphylla genome suggests multiple distinct biosynthetic routes for yohimbane monoterpene indole alkaloids.

Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a structurally diverse family of specialized metabolites mainly produced in Gentianales to cope with environmental challenges. Due to their pharmacological properties, the biosynthetic modalities of several MIA types have been elucidated but not that of the yohimbanes. Here, we combine metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and genome sequencing of Rauvolfia tetraphylla with machine learning to discover the unexpected multiple actors of this natural product synthesis.

The induction of oocyte maturation and ovulation in the European eel (): and comparison of progesterone with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one.

Ovulation in European eel is induced by injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) as the maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). Female eels need to ovulate within 18 h after injection to release good quality eggs. Progesterone (P), as an upstream precursor of DHP, may promote endogenous DHP production and improve egg quality.

An updated version of the Madagascar periwinkle genome.

The Madagascar periwinkle, , belongs to the family. This medicinal plant, endemic to Madagascar, produces many important drugs including the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) vincristine and vinblastine used to treat cancer worldwide. Here, we provide a new version of the genome sequence obtained through the combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-reads and Illumina short-reads.

Genome Assembly of the Medicinal Plant Voacanga thouarsii.

The Apocynaceae tree Voacanga thouarsii, native to southern Africa and Madagascar, produces monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA), which are specialized metabolites with a wide range of bioactive properties. Voacanga species mainly accumulates tabersonine in seeds making these species valuable medicinal plants currently used for industrial MIA production. Despite their importance, the MIA biosynthesis in Voacanga species remains poorly studied.

The Vinca minor genome highlights conserved evolutionary traits in monoterpene indole alkaloid synthesis.

Vinca minor, also known as the lesser periwinkle, is a well-known species from the Apocynaceae, native to central and southern Europe. This plant synthesizes monoterpene indole alkaloids, which are a class of specialized metabolites displaying a wide range of bioactive- and pharmacologically important properties. Within the almost 50 monoterpene indole alkaloids it produces, V.

Assembly and Comparison of Neoehrlichia mikurensis Genomes.

Neoehrlichia mikurensis is widely prevalent in across Europe and has been associated with human disease. However, diagnostic modalities are limited, and much is still unknown about its biology. Here, we present the first complete Neoehrlichia mikurensis genomes directly derived from wildlife reservoir host tissues, using both long- and short-read sequencing technologies.

Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control.

The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse Spodoptera species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of S.

What Goes Wrong during Early Development of Artificially Reproduced European Eel ? Clues from the Larval Transcriptome and Gene Expression Patterns.

In eels, large variations in larval mortality exist, which would impede the viable production of juvenile glass eels in captivity. The transcriptome of European eel larvae was investigated to identify physiological pathways and genes that show differential regulation between non-viable vs. viable larvae.

Infection in European Sea Bass: Revealing a Long Misunderstood Relationship.

(Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a generalist crustacean parasite that negatively affects the economic sustainability of European sea bass () aquaculture in the North-East Mediterranean. While mortalities are observed in fry and fingerlings, infection in juvenile and adult fish result in approximately 20% growth delay. A transcriptomic analysis (PCR array, RNA-Seq) was performed on organs (tongue, spleen, head kidney, and liver) from infected vs.

Innate immune-gene expression during experimental amyloodiniosis in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

The ectoparasite protozoan Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) is the causative agent of amyloodiniosis in European seabass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax). There is a lack of information about basic molecular immune response mechanisms of ESB during AO infestation. Therefore, to compare gene expression between experimental AO-infested ESB tissues and uninfested ESB tissues (gills and head kidney) RNA-seq was adopted.

Physiological Effects of Water Flow Induced Swimming Exercise in Seabream .

A longer on-land rearing period of Gilthead seabream before transfer to sea-cages would allow the farmer to benefit from exercise-enhanced growth, resilience, and robustness as induced by increasing water flow in the tanks. In this study, the physiological effects of flow-conditioning were investigated by subjecting large groups of experimental fish to minimal flow or to flow regimes inducing swimming exercise at 1 or 2 body length (BL) s for a period of 8 months (February-October) in 1,500 L tanks. Fish representing the three treatment groups were then used for: (1) a stress challenge netting test and plasma cortisol measurement (baseline, peaking, and recovery levels), (2) blood plasma measurements of glucose, triglycerides, lactate, cholesterol, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and (3) heart and muscle gene expression of the GH and IGF1 receptors and the muscle transcriptome by deep RNA sequencing (RNAseq).

Transcriptomic analysis of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum third stage larvae indicates parasitic effects on growth and immune response.

High infection levels due to third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematode Contracaecum osculatum have been documented in cod from the eastern part of the Baltic sea during the latest decades. The nematode larvae mainly infect the liver of Baltic cod and prevalence of infection has reached 100% with a mean intensity up to 80 parasites per host in certain areas and size classes. Low condition factors of the cod have been observed concomitant with the rise in parasite abundance suggesting a parasitic effect on growth parameters.

Warfarin-exposed zebrafish embryos resembles human warfarin embryopathy in a dose and developmental-time dependent manner - From molecular mechanisms to environmental concerns.

Warfarin is the most worldwide used anticoagulant drug and rodenticide. Since it crosses placental barrier it can induce warfarin embryopathy (WE), a fetal mortality in neonates characterized by skeletal deformities in addition to brain hemorrhages. Although the effects of warfarin exposure in aquatic off target species were already described, the particular molecular toxicological mechanisms during early development are still unclear.

Author Correction: Rapid de novo assembly of the European eel genome from nanopore sequencing reads.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Acting locally - affecting globally: RNA sequencing of gilthead sea bream with a mild Sparicotyle chrysophrii infection reveals effects on apoptosis, immune and hypoxia related genes.

Background: Monogenean flatworms are the main fish ectoparasites inflicting serious economic losses in aquaculture. The polyopisthocotylean Sparicotyle chrysophrii parasitizes the gills of gilthead sea bream (GSB, Sparus aurata) causing anaemia, lamellae fusion and sloughing of epithelial cells, with the consequent hypoxia, emaciation, lethargy and mortality. Currently no preventive or curative measures against this disease exist and therefore information on the host-parasite interaction is crucial to find mitigation solutions for sparicotylosis.

Cortisol Acting Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor Is Not Involved in Exercise-Enhanced Growth, But Does Affect the White Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome in Zebrafish ().

Forced sustained swimming exercise at optimal speed enhances growth in many fish species, particularly through hypertrophy of the white skeletal muscle. The exact mechanism of this effect has not been resolved yet. To explore the role of cortisol, we first subjected wild-type zebrafish to an exercise protocol validated for exercise-enhanced growth, and showed that exercised zebrafish, which indeed showed enhanced growth, had higher cortisol levels than the non-exercised controls.

Transcriptomic analysis of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills infected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.

The parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infecting skin, fins and gills of a wide range of freshwater fish species, including rainbow trout, is known to induce a protective immune response in the host. Although a number of studies have reported activation of several immune genes in infected fish host, the immune response picture is still considered incomplete. In order to address this issue, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on infected versus uninfected rainbow trout gills and it showed that a total of 3352 (7.