Clinicopathological findings in cats with haws syndrome.

Background: Haws syndrome is a relatively common yet poorly understood disorder in cats.

Methods: Ten cats with acute haws syndrome underwent ophthalmic and physical examinations, bloodwork, faecal analysis and pharmacological testing with 1% phenylephrine. The cats were discharged with broad-spectrum deworming (with or without metronidazole) as well as topical tetrahydrozoline.

Evaluation of 0.1% and 1% atropine eyedrops in cats: A comparative study of tolerance, stability, and efficacy.

Objective: Investigate the tolerance, stability, and efficacy of topical 0.1% and 1% atropine in cats.

Procedures: Six cats underwent two trials separated by a 2-week washout period.

Genetic and Clinical Analyses of the -c.226C>T Variant Resulting in a Dual Mutational Mechanism.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous inherited retinal disorder. Mutations in cause autosomal recessive (AR) RP. We aimed to characterize the genotype, expression pattern, and phenotype in a large cohort of cases.

The effect of systemic acetazolamide administration on intraocular pressure in healthy horses-A preliminary study.

Objectives: In equine glaucoma, topical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) is recommended. Oral acetazolamide, a systemic CAI, is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Information regarding its effect on equine intraocular pressure (IOP) is scarce.

Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) Mitigate Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress in Equine Corneal Stromal Stem Cells (CSSCs).

Corneal ulcers, characterized by severe inflammation of the cornea, can lead to serious, debilitating complications and may be vision-threatening for horses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in corneal stem progenitor cell (CSSC) dysfunction and explore the potential of equine adipose-derived stromal stem cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to improve corneal wound healing. We showed that CSSCs expressed high levels of CD44, CD45, and CD90 surface markers, indicating their stemness.

Schirmer tear test-1 with open or closed eyelids: An evaluation in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs.

Purpose: Assess aqueous tear production when measured with the dogs' eyelids open or closed.

Methods: Thirty healthy dogs (15 Shih Tzus, 15 Labrador retrievers) were recruited. With the order of testing randomized for each dog, two sessions (separated by 30 min) of STT-1 testing were performed with the dogs' eyelids closed or open.

Using a smartphone-based digital fundus camera for screening of retinal and optic nerve diseases in veterinary medicine: A preliminary investigation.

Background: Ophthalmoscopy is a valuable tool in clinical practice. We report the use of a novel smartphone-based handheld device for visualisation and photo-documentation of the ocular fundus in veterinary medicine.

Methods: Selected veterinary patients of a referral ophthalmology service were included if one or both eyes had clear ocular media, allowing for examination of the fundus.

Refractive error of canine cataract patients following implantation with three types of intraocular lenses.

Objective: To evaluate refractive state outcomes following phacoemulsification and implantation of 3 different intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Animals: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 43 client-owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.

Methods: Eyes were randomized to receive either an-vision Fo-X (n = 26), an-vision MD8 (18), or I-MED I-LENS (24) IOL.

Case report: Blindness associated with trematode infection in a green sea turtle, , of the northern Red Sea.

Spirorchiid blood flukes are widespread in sea turtles, causing disease and mortality in their populations, with high prevalence in several ocean basins. Besides being leading parasitic causes of sea turtle strandings in several parts of the world, these infectious agents can cause endocarditis, vasculitis, thrombosis, miliary egg granulomas, and aneurysms, which ultimately may compromise the survival of green sea turtles. More severe cases may also result in multifocal granulomatous meningitis or pneumonia, both of which can be fatal.

Improving rat welfare through the development of a peribulbar anaesthesia technique for ophthalmic procedures: A preliminary study.

Rats are a commonly used animal model for the study of the pathogenesis and novel treatments of glaucoma, which is induced experimentally using invasive, painful procedures. Peribulbar anaesthesia (PBA) is frequently used in people and domestic animals prior to ophthalmic surgeries to provide excellent perioperative analgesia. Our goal was to develop a PBA technique adapted to rat anatomy, improving the welfare of animals used as a model for glaucoma.

A retinoscopic survey of donkeys and goats.

Purpose: Assess the refractive states of donkeys and goats.

Methods: Forty-two donkeys and 28 goats were enrolled. The mean ± SD ages were 7.

Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model.

Decreased blood flow to the optic nerve (ON) and neuroinflammation are suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin, an anti-inflammatory macrolide, and sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on retinal ganglion cell survival in a glaucoma model, which was induced by microbead injection into the right anterior chamber of 50 wild-type (WT) and 30 transgenic toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4KO) mice. Treatment groups included intraperitoneal azithromycin 0.

The 100 most-cited articles published in the Veterinary Ophthalmology journal between 1998 and 2022: A bibliometric study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to bibliometrically analyze the 100 most-cited articles published in the Veterinary Ophthalmology (VO) journal.

Methods: Web of Science was searched for citations of VO articles published in 1998-2022. Tissue and species studied, and first and last author domicile and affiliation were recorded for the 100 most-cited articles and descriptively analyzed.

Accuracy of data in abstracts of veterinary ophthalmology research articles published in peer-reviewed journals.

Objective: Assess the accuracy of abstracts in published veterinary ophthalmology articles.

Procedures: Abstracts and contents of 204 original research articles in veterinary ophthalmology published in seven peer-reviewed journals between 2016-2020 were reviewed. Abstracts were considered inconsistent if they contained data that were either missing from or inconsistent with corresponding data in the article's body.

Effect of anesthetic induction with propofol, alfaxalone or ketamine on intraocular pressure in cats: a randomized masked clinical investigation.

Objective: To compare the effect of propofol, alfaxalone and ketamine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats.

Study Design: Prospective, masked, randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 43 ophthalmologically normal cats scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for various procedures.

Histological and molecular characterization of glaucoma model induced by one or two injections of microbeads to the anterior chamber of mice.

Purpose: To characterize glaucoma-induced damage following injections of plastic microbeads into the anterior chamber of mice.

Methods: Mice were divided into three groups: a single plastic microbeads injection (n = 21); two consecutive plastic microbead injections to the right eye at 1-week intervals, 4 of which with two consecutive saline injections in the left eye (n = 15); and an additional control group of two consecutive saline injections at 1-week intervals (n = 6). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured weekly.

Retrospective evaluation of pre-surgical electroretinography results in a mixed-breed canine population presented for cataract removal surgery.

Objective: Electroretinography (ERG) is used prior to cataract removal surgery to assess retinal function. We aimed to replicate and improve upon previous studies by performing a full ECVO protocol and by examining the retina post-surgery in all patients.

Animals Studied: One hundred twenty-seven eyes from 67 dogs were included in the study.

The dose-dependent effect of a stabilized cannabidiol nanoemulsion on ocular surface inflammation and intraocular pressure.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid that has a great clinical therapeutic potential. Few studies have been published on its efficacy in ocular inflammations while its impact on intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma, remains unclear. Moreover, due to its lability and high lipophilicity, its formulation within a prolonged stable topical ophthalmic solution or emulsion able to penetrate the highly selective corneal barrier is challenging.

Mucoadhesive Polymers Enhance Ocular Drug Delivery: Proof of Concept Study with 0.5% Tropicamide in Dogs.

To assess the efficacy of 0.5% tropicamide applied after topical administration of 1.4% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or 1.

Is it necessary to wait several minutes between applications of different topical ophthalmic solutions? A preliminary study with tropicamide eye drops in healthy dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical tropicamide when placed at different time intervals before or after a saline drop.

Animals Studied: Eight healthy Labrador and golden retriever dogs.

Procedures: The effect of 1% tropicamide on pupillary diameter (PD) was measured over 240 min when administered alone (control) and then 1 and 5 min prior to, or following, application of a saline drop, with 1-week washout between each of the five trials.

Treatment with chloroquine is retinotoxic in captive African penguins (Speniscus demersus). Attenuation and recovery of electroretinographic responses.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic anti-malarial chloroquine treatment, and its cessation, on electroretinographic (ERG) responses of captive African penguins.

Methods: A brief ERG protocol ("QuickRetCheck") was recorded under mesopic conditions with manual restraint and no sedation or pupil dilation. Birds were recorded on two separate occasions, first while being treated with a daily chloroquine dose of 10 mg/kg for 12 days (n = 15, treatment group) and second after 4 months without chloroquine treatment (n = 6, off-treatment group).

Ocular anatomy and correlation with histopathologic findings in two common octopuses (Octopus vulgaris) and one giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) diagnosed with inflammatory phakitis and retinitis.

Purpose: Review octopus ocular anatomy and describe the histopathologic findings in three octopuses diagnosed with phakitis and retinitis.

Animals: Two common octopuses (Octopus vulgaris) and one giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) with a history of ophthalmic disease.

Methods: A literature search was performed for the ocular anatomy section.

Atypical free-floating iridociliary pigmented epithelial cysts and secondary glaucoma in a caiman (Caiman latirostris).

We describe a case of chronic ocular trauma that resulted in fixed and free-floating, pigmented epithelial iridociliary cysts, inflammation, and secondary glaucoma in a caiman (Caiman latirostris). A 20- to 25-year-old male caiman was presented with phthisis bulbi in the right eye, and congested episcleral vessels, corneal leukoma, disorganized anterior chamber, multifocal anterior synechia, and elevated intraocular pressure in the left eye. Ocular ultrasound of the left eye revealed round structures dispersed in the anterior and posterior chambers and vitreous cavity.