Gut Microbiota Modulation by Bioactive Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis: an In Vivo Study.

Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is recognized for its biocompounds and bioactive properties. This study aimed to assess the potential of yerba-mate extract to modulate the intestinal microbiota in rats. After the ethical committee approval (CEUA - UPF, number 025/2018), the Wistar rats were given a daily dose of 3.

Diclofenac Administration after Physical Training Blunts Adaptations of Peripheral Systems and Leads to Losses in Exercise Performance: In Vivo and In Silico Analyses.

Recovery in athletes is hampered by soreness and fatigue. Consequently, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as an effective strategy to maintain high performance. However, impact of these drugs on adaptations induced by training remains unknown.

Safety indicators of a novel multi supplement based on guarana, selenium, and L-carnitine: Evidence from human and red earthworm immune cells.

Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with chronic inflammatory states. There is evidence to support the design of novel supplements based on guarana (G) (Paullinia cupana), selenium (S), and L-carnitine (C), the use of which, potentially attenuates neuro oxi-inflammatory conditions. Therefore, this study analyzed the cytotoxic and redox effects of GSC on human leucocytes, the inflammatory activation of microglia BV-2 cells, and effect on mortality, oxidative metabolism, and the immune modulation of red earthworms (Eisenia fetida).

Soybean Plant Metabolism under Water Deficit and Xenobiotic and Antioxidant Agent Application.

The aim was to evaluate the interactive effects on biochemistry and physiology of soybean plants exposed to simultaneous xenobiotic and water deficit stresses, and the possible attenuation of plant damage by an antioxidant agent. Soybean plants were submitted to eight different soil water potentials, in two experiments (first experiment: -0.96, -0.

Biological Properties of (Dunal), an Amazonian Fruit.

is an Amazonian fruit (cubiu) that has been domesticated since pre-Colombian era. It is also used in folk medicine to treat some clinical conditions. This investigation chemically characterized and analyzed the antioxidant and antitumoral effect of a cubiu pulp/seed hydroalcoholic extract.

Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance.

Caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid compound, is consumed widely and daily by humans, as it is present in several regular beverages such as tea, coffee, soda beverages, and some drugs. Its consumption triggers arousal and alertness, improves mood, and causes the release of catecholamines, which induce beneficial effects on human behavior. Nonetheless, caffeine has been related to other beneficial effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that are extremely important to human health, altering the cellular redox and inflammatory status in a dose-dependent manner.

Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers - A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies.

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death.

Diclofenac attenuates inflammation through TLR4 pathway and improves exercise performance after exhaustive swimming.

Background: The use of NSAIDs has become a common practice to counteract the pro-inflammatory acute effects of exercise, in order to improve sports performance. The liver, due to its central role in energy metabolism, may be involved primarily in the process of ROS generation and consequently inflammation after exhaustive exercise.

Objective: To analyze the influence of diclofenac on the liver TLR4 pathway and time to exhaustion in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming.

Multiple mechanistic action of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract against ethanol effects in an acute model of intestinal damage.

The high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation can be present in the etiology of degenerative intestinal pathologies associated with ethanol ingestion. The Rosmarinus officinalis L. has exhibited several physiological and medicinal activities.

Functional and biochemical adaptations of elite level futsal players from Brazil along a training season.

Background And Objective: Although hard training is mandatory in elite level futsal training, few studies have proposed a biochemical follow up in futsal players during a whole season. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare functional and biochemical markers in Brazilian elite level futsal players throughout a competition season.

Materials And Methods: Eight players aged 25.

Syzygium cumini leaf extract inhibits LDL oxidation, but does not protect the liproprotein from glycation.

Etnopharmacological Relevance: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus (DM). The tea from its leaves is frequently used by diabetics for lowering hyperglycemia.

Previous physical exercise alters the hepatic profile of oxidative-inflammatory status and limits the secondary brain damage induced by severe traumatic brain injury in rats.

Key Points: An early inflammatory response and oxidative stress are implicated in the signal transduction that alters both hepatic redox status and mitochondrial function after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Peripheral oxidative/inflammatory responses contribute to neuronal dysfunction after TBI Exercise training alters the profile of oxidative-inflammatory status in liver and protects against acute hyperglycaemia and a cerebral inflammatory response after TBI. Approaches such as exercise training, which attenuates neuronal damage after TBI, may have therapeutic potential through modulation of responses by metabolic organs.

Diclofenac pretreatment modulates exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle of rats through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, are widely used to treat inflammation and pain in several conditions, including sports injuries. This study analyzes the influence of diclofenac on the toll-like receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TLR-NF-κB) pathway in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to acute eccentric exercise. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control-saline, control-diclofenac, exercise-saline, and exercise-diclofenac.

Diclofenac pretreatment effects on the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response to eccentric exercise in rat liver.

Unlabelled: Acute exercise is a stress stimulus that may cause cell damage through the activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway, resulting in the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) into the cell nucleus and the upregulation of inflammatory genes. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, are often prescribed to counteract exercise-induced inflammation.

Aims: This study analyzed effects of diclofenac pretreatment on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rat liver after an acute eccentric exercise.

Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Luehea divaricata against Behavioral and Oxidative Changes Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Rats.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Accordingly, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) has been found to effectively produce HD-like symptoms. Luehea divaricata (L.

Free radical scavenging in vitro and biological activity of diphenyl diselenide-loaded nanocapsules: DPDS-NCS antioxidant and toxicological effects.

Selenium compounds, such as diphenyl diselenide (DPDS), have been shown to exhibit biological activity, including antioxidant effects. However, the use of DPDS in pharmacology is limited due to in vivo pro-oxidative effects. In addition, studies have shown that DPDS-loaded nanocapsules (DPDS-NCS) have greater bioavailability than free DPDS in mice.

Response of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers to a 12-week aerobic exercise training in women with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Evidences have been highlighted the relationship among metabolic syndrome, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and several diseases. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters on women with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: Twenty-three untrained women (51.

Caffeine intake may modulate inflammation markers in trained rats.

Caffeine is presented in many commercial products and has been proven to induce ergogenic effects in exercise, mainly related to redox status homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress-related adaptation mechanisms. However, most studies have mainly focused on muscle adaptations, and the role of caffeine in different tissues during exercise training has not been fully described. The aim of this study was therefore, to analyze the effects of chronic caffeine intake and exercise training on liver mitochondria functioning and plasma inflammation markers.

Caffeine supplementation modulates oxidative stress markers in the liver of trained rats.

Aims: Caffeine has been widely used in sports competitions due to its ergogenic effects. Most of the studies regarding caffeine and exercise have focused on muscle and plasma adaptations, while the impact on the liver is scarcely described. The aim is to analyze the effects of caffeine and exercise training on oxidative stress markers and injury-related parameters in the liver.

Guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth) effects on LDL oxidation in elderly people: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Background: Previous experimental investigations have suggested that guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth, supplied by EMBRAPA Oriental) consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and has positive effects on lipid metabolism, mainly related to low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. As LDL oxidation is an important initial event in the development of atherosclerosis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to observe the potential effects of guaraná on LDL and serum oxidation.

Methods: The in vivo protocol was performed using blood samples from 42 healthy elderly subjects who habitually ingested guaraná (GI) or never ingested guaraná (NG).

Protective action of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in gastric ulcer prevention induced by ethanol in rats.

The pathology of a gastric ulcer is complex and multifactorial. Gastric ulcers affect many people around the world and its development is a result of the imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. In this study, we evaluated the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Effect of different oximes on rat and human cholinesterases inhibited by methamidophos: a comparative in vitro and in silico study.

Methamidophos is one of the most toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds. It acts via phosphorylation of a serine residue in the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), leading to enzyme inactivation. Different oximes have been developed to reverse this inhibition.

Isatin-3-N4-benzilthiosemicarbazone, a non-toxic thiosemicarbazone derivative, protects and reactivates rat and human cholinesterases inhibited by methamidophos in vitro and in silico.

Organophosphates (OPs), which are widely used as pesticides, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. The inactivation of AChE results in the accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptor sites, causing a cholinergic crisis that can lead to death. The classical treatment for OP poisoning is administration of oximes, but these compounds are ineffective in some cases.

The antioxidant properties of different phthalocyanines.

Oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. From this perspective, we have evaluated the possible antioxidant capacities of five different phthalocyanines (PCs), consisting of four metallophthalocyanines (MPCs) and one simple phthalocyanine (PC) in order to explore, for the first time, the potential antioxidant activities of these compounds. Our results show that all PCs tested in this study have significant antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation assay, providing protection from sodium nitroprusside -induced oxidative damage to supernatant from the homogenized liver, brain, e rim of mice.

Thiosemicarbazone derivate protects from AAPH and Cu2+ -induced LDL oxidation.

Aims: Several lines of evidence support the hypotheses that the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) may play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of the overproduction of reactive species that increase the formation of oxidized LDL. Thiosemicarbazones are compounds used in anticancer, antiviral and antifungal therapy; however, its redox activity has been controversial.