An Overview of Robotic Colorectal Surgery Adoption and Training in Brazil.

Robotic surgical systems have rapidly become integrated into colorectal surgery practice in recent years, particularly for rectal resections, where the advantages of robotic platforms over conventional laparoscopy are more pronounced. However, as with any technological advancement, the initial high costs can be a limiting factor, leading to unequal health service access, especially in middle- and lower-income countries. A narrative review was conducted with the objective of providing an overview of the escalating adoption, current training programmes, and certification process of robotic colorectal surgery in Brazil.

Pneumoretroperitoneum and Sepsis After Transanal Endoscopic Resection of a Rectal Lateral Spreading Tumor.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is considered a safe, appropriate, and minimally invasive approach, and complications after endoscopic microsurgery are rare. We report a case of sepsis and pneumoretroperitoneum after resection of a rectal lateral spreading tumor. The patient presented with rectal mucous discharge.

IS DIGITAL RECTAL EXAM RELIABLE IN GRADING ANAL SPHINCTER DEFECTS?

Background: Anal sphincter tone is routinely assessed by digital rectal examination in patients with fecal incontinence, although its accuracy in detecting sphincter defects or separating competent from incompetent muscles has not been established.

Objective: In this setting, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital rectal examination in grading anal defects in order to separate small from extensive cases as depicted on 3D endoanal ultrasound, using a scoring sphincter defect and correlate anal tone to anal pressures.

Methods: Women with fecal incontinence were divided into two groups: small or extensive defects according to the ultrasound scoring system.

Influence of patient age and colorectal polyp size on histopathology findings.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and can arise through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Colonoscopy is considered the method of choice for population-wide cancer screening.

Aim: To assess the characteristics of endoscopically resected polyps in a consecutive series of patients who underwent colonoscopy at a university hospital and compare histopathology findings according to patient age and polyp size.

Do young patients have different clinical presentation of colorectal cancer causing delay in diagnosis?

Purpose: The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young patients. In these patients, colorectal cancer is believed to have a poorer prognosis because it is more aggressive and diagnosed at later stages; however, the behavior of these tumors in young patients remains to be elucidated. We investigated the impact of time interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis (TISD) at the pathologic stage of colorectal cancer in young patients.

Evaluation of the effects of S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of S-methylisothiourea hemisulfate (SMT) on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.

Methods: Sixty rats Wistar were distributed into two groups of 30 animals: experimental (E) and control C). The animals of experimental group received intraperitoneal SMT at 50 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours for 72 hours.

Colonoscopies performed by resident physicians in a university teaching hospital: a consecutive analysis of 1000 cases.

Background: Proficiency and competence of endoscopists is perhaps the mainstay of successful diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy.

Aim: To analyze indications, diagnostic findings, and complications of colonoscopies performed by resident physicians in a university teaching hospital.

Methods: Were analyzed 1,000 colonoscopies consecutively performed by fourth-year residents under direct supervision of experienced colonoscopists.