Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Mandibular Advancement Splints: The CHOICE Multi-center Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial.

Rationale: Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) continues to be low with high termination rates. Alternative therapies to CPAP are needed.

Objectives: To compare objective adherence to CPAP and Mandibular Advancement Splints (MAS) and to evaluate their effectiveness.

Effectiveness of zygomatic-implant fixed rehabilitation for the atrophic edentulous maxilla: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Atrophic edentulous maxilla is a debilitating condition caused by the progressive and irreversible bone resorption following loss of teeth, that results in bone of inadequate volume and density. This makes conventional implant therapy extremely challenging without complex reconstructive procedures. Several techniques such as sinus augmentation, short implants, and tilted implants have been used for the rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla.

Prevalence, Severity, and Description of Dental Anomalies in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

To assess the prevalence and severity of and describe dental anomalies in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) under recent Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) protocols. Patients aged between 14 and 25 years old having received a diag- nosis of ALL before the age of 11 years and after September 2000 received clinical and radiographic oral examinations. Dental anomalies were observed in 26 (51.

Dorsal raphe stimulation relays a reward signal to the ventral tegmental area via GluN2C NMDA receptors.

Background: Glutamate relays a reward signal from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the role of the different subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is complex and not clearly understood. Therefore, we measured NMDA receptors subunits expression in limbic brain areas.

Optogenetic activation of basolateral amygdala-to-nucleus accumbens core neurons promotes Pavlovian approach responses but not instrumental pursuit of reward cues.

Reward-associated conditioned stimuli (CSs) can acquire predictive value, evoking conditioned approach behaviours that prepare animals to engage with forthcoming rewards. Such CSs can also acquire conditioned reinforcing value, becoming attractive and pursued. Through their conditioned effects, CSs can promote adaptive (e.

Airway Phenotypes and Nocturnal Wearing of Dentures in Elders with Sleep Apnea.

The objective of this study was to examine to what extent the anatomic characteristics of the upper airway can influence the effect of nocturnal wearing of dentures on the sleep of edentulous elders with untreated sleep apnea. This study used the data from a randomized crossover clinical trial and an exploratory approach to address its objectives. Cone beam computed tomography scans of 65 edentulous individuals (female, = 37; male, = 28; mean ± SD age, 74.

The influence of age on the frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during sleep in general population differs from that in clinical research samples.

Background: During sleep, limb and jaw muscle motor activity can be quantified by electromyography (EMG). The frequency of periodic limb activity during sleep increases with age in both the general and clinical research populations. The literature is controversial regarding stability, over age, of the frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), which is one biomarker of sleep bruxism (SB).

Effect of vitamin D on bone morphometry and stability of orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Introduction: Vitamin D (VitD) maintains bone health and may influence orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The objective was to evaluate the VitD effect on bone morphometry and the rate and stability of OTM.

Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into 2 experimental groups, treated with VitD by gavage (systemic) or injection (local), and 2 respective control groups treated with phosphate-buffered saline for 47 days.

Clinical Management of Interproximal and Occlusal Caries in Children and Adolescents by Canadian Dentists: A Survey.

Purpose: Early restorative interventions may have important implications in young patients, and the International Caries Classification and Management System strongly recommends non-surgical strategies in the management of dental caries. We aimed to assess management of interproximal and occlusal caries in children and adolescents (≤18 years of age) by Canadian dentists.

Methods: An electronic survey was created and sent to members of Canadian provincial regulatory dental bodies.

Adherence and efficacy of mandibular advancement splint treatment of sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy: a pilot study.

Purpose: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in pregnancy and is associated with adverse health consequences for both mother and child. Mandibular advancement splints (MAS) have been shown to improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and snoring in non-pregnant women. The effectiveness of MAS for treating SDB in pregnancy is unknown.

Is the quality of occlusal contacts comparable after aligner and fixed orthodontic therapy? A non-randomized cohort comparison using computerized occlusal analysis during 6 months of retention.

Objective: Less than ideal contacts have been reported following aligner therapy, but it is considered a transitory problem, spontaneously resolving with the phenomenon of settling. : Thirty-nine orthodontic patients (14 treated with aligners; 25 with fixed appliances) were evaluated with a digital occlusal analysis system (T-scan™10), assessing Maximum Intercuspation contact simultaneity, symmetry, and relative force distribution at treatment completion and after 3 and 6 months.

Results: No significant differences in occlusal contact quality were found between groups at treatment completion or follow-up.

Effect of personalized musical intervention on burden of care in dental implant surgery: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To explore a personalized musical intervention's effect on burden of care during dental implants placement.

Methods: Randomized Controlled Trial in 24 dental implant surgery patients. A personalized music intervention (Music Care© application) or an audiobook control condition was administered.

Do postoperative antibiotics influence one-year peri-implant crestal bone remodelling and morbidity? A double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess whether giving postoperative antibiotics to healthy patients after straightforward platform-switched implant placement would influence peri-implant crestal bone levels and postoperative morbidity after 1 year.

Methods: Thirty-eight healthy individuals were recruited in this pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The intervention group (n = 18) received two grams of amoxicillin one hour before implant placement followed by a 7 days postoperative regimen (500 mg tid).

Sleep stage-dependent changes in tonic masseter and cortical activities in young subjects with primary sleep bruxism.

Study Objectives: The present study investigated the hypothesis that subjects with primary sleep bruxism (SB) exhibit masseter and cortical hyperactivities during quiet sleep periods that are associated with a high frequency of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA).

Methods: Fifteen SB and ten control participants underwent polysomnographic recordings. The frequencies of oromotor events and arousals and the percentage of arousals with oromotor events were assessed.

Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying the expression of antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity in rats.

Antipsychotic treatment can produce a dopamine-supersensitive state, potentiating the response to dopamine receptor stimulation. In both schizophrenia patients and rats, this is linked to tolerance to ongoing antipsychotic treatment. In rodents, dopamine supersensitivity is often confirmed by an exaggerated psychomotor response to d-amphetamine after discontinuation of antipsychotic exposure.

Impact of piezocision-assisted orthodontics on root resorption and alveolar bone: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: To assess the impact of orthodontic treatment combined with piezocision (OT-PC) on root structure and alveolar bone.

Materials And Methods: Twelve adults were treated with OT-PC. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT examinations evaluated apical root resorption (ARR) and alveolar bone height and thickness changes.

Effects of nocturnal wearing of dentures on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality in edentate elders with untreated sleep apnea: a randomized cross-over trial.

Study Objectives: This study aims to assess whether the nocturnal wear of dentures has an effect on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality of life of the edentulous elderly with untreated sleep apnea.

Methods: A single-blind randomized cross-over design with two sequences and two periods was used. Participants (n = 77) were randomly assigned either to sequence 1 (nocturnal wear followed by nocturnal nonwear of the denture for 30-30 days) or sequence 2 (nocturnal nonwear followed by nocturnal wear of denture for 30-30 days).

Sensitization to amphetamine psychostimulant effect: A key role for ventral tegmental area neurotensin type 2 receptors and MAP kinase pathway.

Neurotensin is an endogenous neuropeptide that acts as a potent modulator of ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurotransmission. The present study was aimed at determining VTA cell population and neurotensin receptor subtype responsible for the initiation of amphetamine-induced psychomotor activity and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) sensitization. During an induction phase, rats were injected intra-VTA on two occasions, every second day, with [D-Tyr ]-neurotensin (D-Tyr-NT), SR142948 (a mix Ntsr1/Ntsr2 receptor subtype antagonist), SR48692 (a Ntsr1 antagonist), D-Tyr-NT + SR142498, D-Tyr-NT + SR48692, or the vehicle.

Prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of two different implant collar designs on peri-implant healing and functional osseointegration after 25 years.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of two different machined-collar lengths and designs on peri-implant healing.

Material And Methods: An implant with a microtextured surface and 3.6mm-long internal-connection machined collar was compared to two implants that had an identical 1.

Dental malocclusion among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have more sleep breathing problems and parafunctional oral habits than individuals without ADHD. However, there is scarce information on the correlation between their dental malocclusion and these functional disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the severity of malocclusion in patients with and without ADHD and to evaluate the correlation between their functional disorders and dental malocclusion.

The Evaluation of Autonomic Arousals in Scoring Sleep Respiratory Disturbances with Polysomnography and Portable Monitor Devices: A Proof of Concept Study.

Background: Autonomic arousals can be considered as surrogates of electroencephalography (EEG) arousals when calculating respiratory disturbance index (RDI). The main objective of this proof of concept study was to evaluate the use of heart rate acceleration (HRa) arousals associated with sleep respiratory events in a population undergoing full polysomnography (type 1) and in another undergoing portable monitor study (type 3). Our hypothesis is that when compared to other commonly used indexes, RDI based on HRa will capture more events in both types of recording.

Modulation of brain stimulation reward and locomotor activity by ionotropic glutamate receptors of the tail of the ventral tegmental area.

The rostromedial tegmental nucleus also referred to as the tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA) contains a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons that receive dense glutamatergic afferents from the lateral habenula (LHb), and project to dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In light of previous evidence implicating glutamate transmission in the regulation of midbrain DA neuronal activity, we first assessed the impact of intra-tVTA microinjection of NBQX (0.8 nmol/side) and PPPA (0.

Prevalence of malocclusions and oral dysfunctions in children with persistent sleep-disordered breathing after adenotonsillectomy in the long term.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of craniofacial/orthodontic abnormalities and oral dysfunctions in a population of children with persistent sleep-disordered breathing despite adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: Medical charts of 4,000 children with sleep-disordered breathing operated on in a tertiary hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients reporting persistent sleep-disordered breathing symptoms were invited to an orthodontic/myofunctional evaluation following the Sleep Clinical Score), followed by a 1-night ambulatory type III sleep study.

Colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements of orthodontic thermoplastic aligners exposed to various staining sources and cleaning methods.

Background: Manufacturers of orthodontic aligners suggest that users remove appliances every time they consume solid foods or any drink (except water). This is to avoid a color change within the clear thermoplastic material of which they are made. However, limited quantitative evidence exists to guide users and practitioners in this regard.