[Effect of ionizing radiation on central nervous system].

Main properties of ionizing radiation as a factor affecting the organism are described. Data on molecular and cellular mechanisms of the radiation injury of the central nervous system, impacts of the radioactive irradiation on the vascular system of the brain adn on a hematoencephalitic barrier, a system effect of radiation on the brain are discussed.

[Diseases of the visceral organs as a result of brain damage].

In the late period even following mild closed brain injury, diseases of the viscera and the body's systems develop as a result of diffuse lesions in the brain regions. Experimental studies have shown that this is associated with impaired self-regulatory mechanisms responsible for energy metabolic processes in the brain.

[The effect of a suspension of brain cells from mice of varying age on the growth of tumors, transplanted under the capsule].

Antitumour activity of cerebral cells at different stages of ontogenesis (embryonic, new-born, adult) has been studied. Researches have been carried out at killer-activity patterns in vitro with target-cells and tumour transplantation under mice kidney's capsule in vivo. It has been established that mice cerebral cells' suspension can decrease the tumour transplants' growth under kidney's capsule.

[Brain lesions in mild radiation sickness].

It is indicated that all subjects who had acute grade I radiation sickness of the Chernobyl accident showed disorders of the brain functions 5-6 years later. They evidence involvement of all brain structures but especially the subcortical brainstem portions. Marked memory reduction was also noted.

[The productive psychopathological symptoms and cerebral blood flow in organic brain lesions].

The study was made of correlations arising between psychopathological symptoms (PPS) observed in organic brain lesions in acute posttraumatic, postoperative and posthemorrhagic periods in 111 patients with objective data on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). PPS included mental conditions of delirium type: of classical form (106 cases), of atypical forms (5 cases). In PPS there appeared a tendency to an increase in the values of cerebral circulation and CVR.

[Vascular component of mental disorders in patients with organic lesions of the brain].

The paper concerns the results of 30 years of investigations of the Kiev Research Institute of Neurosurgery into correlations between syndromes of mental activity reduction (coma, stupor, global and lacunar dementias, Alzheimer-like and Pick-like syndromes, personality changes by the frontal type, stable neurosis-like conditions, Korsakov's syndrome, disturbed consciousness by the amentive type) in patients with organic brain lesions and objectively recordable changes in cerebral hemodynamics. It has been established that the pathological mechanisms of formation of different syndromes of mental activity reduction are naturally related to deceleration of the general and regional volumetric cerebral blood flow (RVCBF) and a decrease of the general and regional reaction of cerebral vessels (RCV). In this respect, the character of the psychopathological syndrome is specified by localization (lobar and interhemispheric) of the primary deceleration of the RVCBF and RCV decrease; by the rate of augmentation of those changes, their intensity and duration, constancy or periodicity; background against which there develops the hypoxic process; as well as by the development of the underlying disease.

[The characteristics of the clinical course of closed craniocerebral trauma in diabetics].

Analysis of 210 cases of brain concussion and contusion showed that the general cerebral and focal symptoms of trauma of the brain are pronounced much more markedly and persist longer in combination of craniocerebral trauma (CCT) and diabetes mellitus than in CCT and normal blood sugar content. Inclusion of vasoactive agents Cavinton and Complamin into the scheme of complex therapy accelerates regression of the neurological symptomatology. The clinical course of diabetes mellitus may be aggravated by the CCT, which shows that additional correction of antidiabetic therapy is necessary.

[The pathogenetic substantiation of the periods of traumatic brain disease].

Advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of closed craniocerebral trauma (CCCT) which was conducted on an experimental model, a clinical equivalent of CCCT, allow one to form a new view of the course of traumatic disease and its division into periods. The data obtained provide evidence that increase of the pathological process in the posttraumatic period is of a skipping and cascade character. The existence of such breaks makes it possible to distinguish periods with consideration for the pathogenetic essence of the pathological changes.

[The dynamic changes in the regional volumetric cerebral blood flow and local vascular reactivity in acute craniocerebral trauma in animals with alloxan diabetes].

The authors studied the condition of regional volumetric cerebral blood flow and local vascular reactivity in experimental mild and moderate craniocerebral trauma in 31 animals with alloxan diabetes and in 29 animals with isolated brain injury. It is shown that alloxan diabetes aggravates cerebral vascular disorders occurring in injury to the skull and brain. Vasoactive agents Cavinton and xantinol nicotinate promote regression of the changed cerebral blood flow.

[Clinico-morphologic characteristics of brain contusion in patients of various age groups].

Brain contusion in children becomes fatal only when the cerebrocranial trauma is very serious and coarse diffuse lesions occur in the whole brain. Foci of intracerebral hemorrhages are relatively rare in such cases. A special form of affection--diffuse involvement of the brain is often encountered in children and young persons.

[Correction of immunity disorder developing after craniocerebral trauma].

The article presents some data concerning influence of humoral factor received from blood serum of injured animals on humoral and cell immune response of animals. The results show that administration of humoral factor prevents stress-induced devastation of thymus, improves humoral immune response to antigen test (sheep erythrocytes) and restores hypersensitivity of decelerated type (HDT) reactions. Immune stimulating effects are observed both right after cranial trauma and some time later -- 5-7 days after the injury.

Subdural hematomas in the newborn. Surgical treatment and results.

Subdural hematomas were evacuated in 41 newborns during the first 4 days after birth. Subdural hematomas due to birth trauma may be subdivided into supratentorial, subtentorial, and suprasubtentorial. The location was frequently bilateral.

[Ultrastructural analysis of changes in the synapses in the rabbit brain after experimental concussion of the brain].

The authors discuss the results of electron-microscopic study of the synaptic contacts in the brain of rabbits during 4 months after experimental brain concussion. A complex of ultrastructural changes of the cerebral synaptic apparatus with a characteristic dynamics of development in time and space is described, and its peculiarities and features distinguishing it from other types of pathology as well as its role in the pathogenesis of craniocerebral injury are discussed.

[Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and ventro-oral nuclei of the optic thalamus in infantile cerebral palsy].

The authors describe 3-, 5-, 7- and 9-layer linear and concentric structures discovered in brain bioptates of patients with cerebral infantile paralysis. They were found to be specific to this disease. The assumptions on the origin and role of these ultrastructures in the pathogenesis of cerebral infantile paralysis are formulated.

[Progressive sequelae of cranio-cerebral injuries].

Progressively increasing pathological phenomena, those of a vegetovascular character in the main, develop often in the late period after closed craniocerebral trauma even if it was of a mild degree. Impaired immune response, mosaicly manifested disorders of regional volumetric cerebral blood flow and local reactivity of the cerebral vessels, and other changes are always revealed in such patients. Experimental studies showed disorders of the mechanisms of self-regulation of brain cells to be the underlying factors of these posttraumatic changes.

[Highway craniocerebral injuries].

The work analyses the specific features of the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of craniocerebral injury because of 7 car accidents (225 patients) and in common accidents of everyday life (210 patients). Craniocerebral injury in car accidents is very severe (high incidence of massive and multiple contusions of the brain, fractures of the skull bones, intracranial hematomas) and is often combined with injury to the viscera and bones. Thorough clinical and neurological examination, x-ray of the skull, echoencephalography, cerebral angiography, and trephination of the skull help to disclose and identify exactly the character of the cerebral damage.

[Immunologic sensitization to tumor-associated antigens during the growth of gliomas of the brain (experimental study)].

The reactions of cellular immunity to malignant gliomas of the rat brain were studied by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of indicator cells (the EPM test). The appearance of sensitization coincided in time with the development of the glioma's own vascular network possessing no barrier function. The sensitization was constant in character and persisted till the death of the tumor-carriers.