Comorbidity Assessment in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Can Imaging Techniques (Fludeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomographic Computed Tomography and Contrast-Enhanced Computed tomography) Provide Additional Information?

Purpose: This study evaluated the role of imaging staging examinations (positron-emission tomographic computed tomography [PET/CT] and contrast-enhanced computed tomography [ceCT]) for the assessment of the comorbidity status of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A binary null hypothesis was drafted: 1) imaging staging examinations do not augment knowledge about the comorbidity status of patients with OSCC and 2) there is no difference between PET/CT and ceCT in this regard.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was selected to address the research question.

Reinterpreting maximum entropy in ecology: a null hypothesis constrained by ecological mechanism.

Simplified mechanistic models in ecology have been criticised for the fact that a good fit to data does not imply the mechanism is true: pattern does not equal process. In parallel, the maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt) has been applied in ecology to make predictions constrained by just a handful of state variables, like total abundance or species richness. But an outstanding question remains: what principle tells us which state variables to constrain? Here we attempt to solve both problems simultaneously, by translating a given set of mechanisms into the state variables to be used in MaxEnt, and then using this MaxEnt theory as a null model against which to compare mechanistic predictions.

The FTD-like syndrome causing TREM2 T66M mutation impairs microglia function, brain perfusion, and glucose metabolism.

Genetic variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase the risk for several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous TREM2 missense mutations, such as p.T66M, lead to the FTD-like syndrome, but how they cause pathology is unknown.

Radiological biomarkers for diagnosis in PSP: Where are we and where do we need to be?

PSP is a pathologically defined neurodegenerative tauopathy with a variety of clinical presentations including typical Richardson's syndrome and other variant PSP syndromes. A large body of neuroimaging research has been conducted over the past two decades, with many studies proposing different structural MRI and molecular PET/SPECT biomarkers for PSP. These include measures of brainstem, cortical and striatal atrophy, diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET hypometabolism, reductions in striatal dopamine imaging and, most recently, PET imaging with ligands that bind to tau.

Radium-223 for primary bone metastases in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.

Radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) is the first bone-targeting agent showing improvement in overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastases. We aimed to assess feasibility of Ra-223 treatment in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Ten patients with primary bone metastases received Ra-223 following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Identification of brain regions predicting epileptogenesis by serial [F]GE-180 positron emission tomography imaging of neuroinflammation in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Excessive activation of inflammatory signaling pathways seems to be a hallmark of epileptogenesis. Positron emission tomography (PET) allows in vivo detection of brain inflammation with spatial information and opportunities for longitudinal follow-up scanning protocols. Here, we assessed whether molecular imaging of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) can serve as a biomarker for the development of epilepsy.

Monthly variation in pediatric visits for headache to US emergency departments.

Headache is a common pediatric symptom often associated with stress and fatigue which may be more common during the school year. The purpose of this study is to determine if visits for headache are more common during the months of the school year. This study is a secondary analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) database from 2001 to 2010.

Improved Detection of Transosseous Meningiomas Using Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Compared with Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT enables detection of meningioma tissue based on somatostatin receptor 2 expression. Transosseous extension of intracranial meningiomas is known to be an important risk factor for tumor recurrence and patient mortality. We analyzed the diagnostic performance of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) for the detection of osseous infiltration using qualitative and quantitative imaging parameters.

Multivariate Analysis of F-DMFP PET Data to Assist the Diagnosis of Parkinsonism.

An early and differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes still remains a challenge mainly due to the similarity of their symptoms during the onset of the disease. Recently, F-Desmethoxyfallypride (DMFP) has been suggested to increase the diagnostic precision as it is an effective radioligand that allows us to analyze post-synaptic dopamine receptors. Nevertheless, the analysis of these data is still poorly covered and its use limited.

Reference region selection and the association between the rate of amyloid accumulation over time and the baseline amyloid burden.

Relative quantitative analysis of amyloid plaque burden in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients can be reported as standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) from positron emission tomography (PET). Here, the SUVR is the ratio of the mean amyloid radioligand retention in a composite (COMP) neocortical volume of interest (VOI) to that in a reference VOI, such as the cerebellum, brainstem (BST)/pons, or white matter (WM). Some longitudinal PET investigations show that the rate of amyloid accumulation to follow-up has an inverted U relationship with baseline amyloid SUVR relative to cerebellar or brainstem/pons reference VOIs.

Increase of TREM2 during Aging of an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model Is Paralleled by Microglial Activation and Amyloidosis.

Heterozygous missense mutations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been reported to significantly increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since TREM2 is specifically expressed by microglia in the brain, we hypothesized that soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) levels may increase together with biomarkers of microglial activity and amyloidosis in an AD mouse model as assessed by small animal positron-emission-tomography (μPET). In this cross-sectional study, we examined a strong amyloid mouse model (PS2APP) of four age groups by μPET with [F]-GE180 (glial activation) and [F]-florbetaben (amyloidosis), followed by measurement of sTREM2 levels and amyloid levels in the brain.

Evaluation of early-phase [F]-florbetaben PET acquisition in clinical routine cases.

Objectives: In recent years several [F]-labelled amyloid PET tracers have been developed and have obtained clinical approval. There is accumulating evidence that early (post injection) acquisitions with these tracers are equally informative as conventional blood flow and metabolism studies for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, but there have been few side-by-side studies. Therefore, we investigated the performance of early acquisitions of [F]-florbetaben (FBB) PET compared to [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in a clinical setting.

Effectiveness of Reduced Radioiodine Activity for Thyroid Remnant Ablation after Total Thyroidectomy in Patients with Low to Intermediate Risk Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Aim: To compare the success rates of radioiodine therapy (RIT) for thyroid remnant ablation (TRA) after the administration of a high-standard activity (3700 MBq; 100 mCi) to a lower-activity regimen of 2000 MBq (54 mCi) I-131 in a cohort of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients (papillary, follicular, mixed, pT1a(m) - pT3, N0 - NX, R0).

Methods: 135 patients received approx. 2000 MBq I-131 (54 mCi) for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy for DTC, 137 patients received approx.

68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 Hybrid Imaging for the In Vivo Monitoring of αvß3-Integrin Expression as Biomarker of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Effects in Experimental Breast Cancer.

Objectives: To investigate 68Ga-TRAP-(RGD)3 hybrid imaging for the in vivo monitoring of αvß3-integrin expression as biomarker of anti-angiogenic therapy effects in experimental breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts were implanted orthotopically into the mammary fat pads of n = 25 SCID mice. Transmission/emission scans (53 min to 90 min after i.

[Amyloid positron-emission-tomography with [ F]-florbetaben in the diagnostic workup of dementia patients].

Background: To this day the definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease still relies on post-mortem histopathological detection of neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid deposits. Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic tool that enables the in vivo quantification of pathological beta-amyloid deposits. The aim of the current study was to evaluate to what extent F-florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) influences the diagnosis of patients with dementia.

Reduced Periprocedural Analgesia After Replacement of Water for Injection with Glucose 5% Solution as the Infusion Medium for 90Y-Resin Microspheres.

Unlabelled: The primary aim of our study was to compare the need for periinterventional on-demand analgesia when water for injection (WFI) was replaced with glucose 5% (G5) for Y-resin microsphere administration.

Methods: Forty-one patients who received 77 radioembolization procedures with G5 (2014-2015) were retrospectively matched with 41 patients (77 radioembolization procedures) who received radioembolization with WFI (2011-2014) at our center. The need for on-demand pain medication was chosen as an objective and accessible measure of periprocedural pain experienced by patients.

The Utility of Head Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Apparent Life-Threatening Event.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of empiric head computed tomography (CT) in apparent life threatening event (ALTE).

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of children younger than 12 months presenting to an urban pediatric hospital and its suburban satellite for an ALTE from October 2009 to December 2012. The ALTE cases were identified as having had a diagnosis of ALTE (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision 799.

Predicting Regional Pattern of Longitudinal β-Amyloid Accumulation by Baseline PET.

Knowledge about spatial and temporal patterns of β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation is essential for understanding Alzheimer disease (AD) and for design of antiamyloid drug trials. Here, we tested whether the regional pattern of longitudinal Aβ accumulation can be predicted by baseline amyloid PET. Baseline and 2-y follow-up F-florbetapir PET data from 58 patients with incipient and manifest dementia due to AD were analyzed.

Preliminary experience with dosimetry, response and patient reported outcome after 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer can be targeted by ligands to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). We aimed to evaluate dosimetry, safety and efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Fifteen patients each received two cycles of 3.

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Dopaminergic Function in Patients with Corticobasal Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: The corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a clinical diagnosis that comprises a group of rare neurodegenerative diseases manifesting in movement disorder and cognitive impairment. While diagnosis is based upon clinical criteria, there have been a number of molecular imaging studies, albeit in rather small cohorts. Therefore, we investigated the pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism, as well as dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in a large and clinically well-defined cohort.

[A Pair of Siblings with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and a Novel Thr462Lysfs Mutation in the TBK1 Gene].

We report on a pair of siblings with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a novel Thr462Lysfs mutation in the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene identified through the European Early-Onset Dementia Consortium. The patients presented at the age of 77 and 75 years and displayed dementia and bulbar symptoms as well as progressive paresis. After a progressive course, both of them died only a few months after diagnosis.

Prevalence of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomographic Positivity in Poststroke Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common after stroke and associated with poor outcome. However, the mechanisms underlying poststroke MCI (PS-MCI) are insufficiently understood. We performed amyloid-β positron emission tomography (PET) in a prospective cohort of stroke survivors to determine the role of amyloid pathology in PS-MCI.

Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The possibility of disease-modifying strategies has evoked a need for early and accurate diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of AD, biomarkers like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been incorporated into the diagnostic guidelines of AD.

The added value of Ga-DOTA-TATE-PET to contrast-enhanced CT for primary site detection in CUP of neuroendocrine origin.

Objectives: To quantify the additional value of Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in comparison with contrast-enhanced CT alone for primary tumour detection in neuroendocrine cancer of unknown primary (CUP-NET).

Methods: In total, 38 consecutive patients (27 men, 11 women; mean age 62 years) with histologically proven CUP-NET who underwent a contrast-enhanced Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT scan for primary tumour detection and staging between 2010 and 2014 were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study. Two blinded readers independently analysed the contrast-enhanced CT and Ga-DOTA-TATE PET datasets separately and noted from which modality they suspected a primary tumour.

PET imaging in extratemporal epilepsy requires consideration of electroclinical findings.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the relevance of interictal temporal glucose hypometabolism in patients with extratemporal epilepsy (ETE) by analyzing its association with a seizure semiology suggestive for temporal seizure involvement and the presence of temporal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the database of our epilepsy monitoring unit for patients with ETE, in whom long-term EEG-video-monitoring and [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) had been performed. The localization of IEDs and the glucose hypometabolism were compared.