Exposure to dissolved TNT causes multilevel biological effects in Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.).

Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 96 h (0.31-10.

How land-use intensity affects sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mites in temperate forests and grasslands in Germany.

Intensive land use has been shown to alter the composition and functioning of soil communities. Due to their low dispersal ability, oribatid mites are particularly vulnerable to land-use intensification and species which are not adjusted to management-related disturbances become less abundant. We investigated how different land-use parameters in forests and grasslands affect oribatid mite diversity and abundance, with a focus on: (1) species-level impacts, by classifying species as increasing ('winners') or decreasing ('losers') in abundance with higher land-use intensity, and (2) reproductive impact, by investigating whether sexual and parthenogenetic species react differently.

Nutritional quality modulates trait variability.

Background: Trait based functional and community ecology is . Most studies, however, ignore phenotypical diversity by characterizing entire species considering only trait means rather than their variability. Phenotypical variability may arise from genotypical differences or from ecological factors (e.