Burden of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Pain and Arthritis in India: A Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD-Bone and Joint Decade (BJD)) India Project.

Background: Several countries have participated in WHO COPCORD. The Global Disease Burden program (GBD) reports selected MSK disorders. We used a COPCORD India protocol to estimate the national burden of MSK disorders.

Solid dispersion of alectinib HCl: preclinical evaluation for improving bioavailability and establishing an IVIVC model.

Objective: Alectinib HCl (ALB-HCl) is a BCS class IV molecule with low solubility and low oral bioavailability. Owing to its low bioavailability, a high dose of ALB-HCl is recommended with food to meet clinical efficacy. Thus, there is a need for a delivery system to overcome the bioavailability concerns.

A review of FDA approved drugs and their formulations for the treatment of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed solid cancers globally. Extensive research has been going on for decades to meet the challenges of treating solid tumors with selective compounds. This article aims to summarize the therapeutic agents which are either being used or are currently under approval for use in the treatment or mitigation of breast cancer by the US FDA, to date.

Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations.

Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs.

Innovative method for wound debridement in open globe injury.

Background: Open globe injury is a serious sight threatening condition. Full-thickness, non-selfsealing corneal lacerations require repair in the operating room. During repair, debridement of the wound is an important step.

A prospective cohort study on the epidemiology of ocular trauma associated with closed-globe injuries in pediatric age group.

Purpose: To study the epidemiology of mechanical ocular trauma and closed globe injury using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System in patients belonging to the pediatric age group.

Methods: This work involved a prospective cohort study of all ocular trauma patients (pediatric age group) registered between 2002 and 2017 at the ocular trauma care center. The data were collected using the international ocular trauma society form through our online MIS data and exported to the Excel sheet.

Innovative cost-effective method to repair lacrimal cannaliculi laceration - finding proximal end and stent.

To explore a new technique to find out the proximal end of lacerated canaliculi and a new material for the stent. Surgery was performed on 9 eyes of 9 patients using a 5/0 prolene suture needle as a modified probe. Prolene suture was inserted as a stent and left in place for two months.

Systematic Development and Optimization of an in-situ Gelling System for Moxifloxacin Ocular Nanosuspension using High-pressure Homogenization with an Improved Encapsulation Efficiency.

Background: The objective of this study was to apply Quality by Design (QbD) principles on process parameter optimization for the development of hybrid delivery system (combination of (SLNs) and In-situ gelling system) for hydrophilic drug Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (MOX) to achieve its controlled delivery, which otherwise may not be possible through single type of technology.

Methods: Risk assessment studies were carried out to identify probable risks influencing CQAs on the product. In design of experiments (DoE), the process parameters (independent variables) i.

Role of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors in the Bioavailability Enhancement of Solid Dispersion of Darunavir.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to improve bioavailability of an important antiretroviral drug, Darunavir (DRV), which has low water solubility and poor intestinal absorption through solid dispersion (SD) approach incorporating polymer with P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential.

Methods: A statistical approach where design of experiment (DoE) was used to prepare SD of DRV with incorporation of P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Using DoE, different methods of preparation, like melt, solvent evaporation, and spray drying method, utilizing carriers like Kolliphor TPGS and Soluplus were evaluated.

Clinical trials in "emerging markets": regulatory considerations and other factors.

Clinical studies are being placed in emerging markets as part of global drug development programs to access large pool of eligible patients and to benefit from a cost effective structure. However, over the last few years, the definition of "emerging markets" is being revisited, especially from a regulatory perspective. For purposes of this article, countries outside US, EU and the traditional "western countries" are discussed.

Effects of ionization and penetration enhancers on the transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil through excised human stratum corneum.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ionization and penetration enhancers on the transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) through excised human stratum corneum. The in vitro transport of 5-FU was determined at three physiologically relevant pH values of 5.0, 7.

Disposition of caspofungin: role of distribution in determining pharmacokinetics in plasma.

The disposition of caspofungin, a parenteral antifungal drug, was investigated. Following a single, 1-h, intravenous infusion of 70 mg (200 microCi) of [(3)H]caspofungin to healthy men, plasma, urine, and feces were collected over 27 days in study A (n = 6) and plasma was collected over 26 weeks in study B (n = 7). Supportive data were obtained from a single-dose [(3)H]caspofungin tissue distribution study in rats (n = 3 animals/time point).

Optimization of the indolyl quinolinone class of KDR (VEGFR-2) kinase inhibitors: effects of 5-amido- and 5-sulphonamido-indolyl groups on pharmacokinetics and hERG binding.

Modifications to the basic side-chain of early lead structures of the indolyl quinolinone class of KDR kinase inhibitors resulted in improved pharmacokinetic and ancillary profiles. Specifically, compounds bearing 5-amido- and 5-sulphonamido-indolyl substituents exhibited lower plasma clearance and weaker binding affinity for the I(Kr) potassium channel hERG.