Unravelling Different Water Management Strategies in Three Olive Cultivars: The Role of Osmoprotectants, Proteins, and Wood Properties.

Understanding the responses of olive trees to drought stress is crucial for improving cultivation and developing drought-tolerant varieties. Water transport and storage within the plant is a key factor in drought-tolerance strategies. Water management can be based on a variety of factors such as stomatal control, osmoprotectant molecules, proteins and wood properties.

Comparative metabolomics of leaves and stems of three Italian olive cultivars under drought stress.

The Mediterranean will be one of the focal points of climate change. The predicted dry and hot summers will lead to water scarcity in agriculture, which may limit crop production and growth. The olive tree serves as a model woody plant for studying drought stress and improving water resource management; thus, it is critical to identify genotypes that are more drought tolerant and perform better under low irrigation or even rainfed conditions.

Assessing the effects of a commercial fungicide and an herbicide, alone and in combination, on Apis mellifera: Insights from biomarkers and cognitive analysis.

Agrochemicals play a vital role in protecting crops and enhancing agricultural production by reducing threats from pests, pathogens and weeds. The toxicological status of honey bees can be influenced by a number of factors, including pesticides. While extensive research has focused on the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on individual bees and colonies, it is important to recognise that fungicides and herbicides can also affect bees' health.

Olive Leaf Extracts from Three Italian Olive Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress Differentially Protect Cells against Oxidative Stress.

Olive leaves are an abundant by-product of olive oil production. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) are rich in polyphenols, which can be used for health benefits. As polyphenols are the main antioxidant molecules in plants, plants typically increase their polyphenol content when exposed to drought stress.

New olive-pomace fertilizer tested with a 2-tiers approach: Biomarkers on Eisenia fetida, physiochemical effects on Solanum lycopersicum and Olea europaea.

Every year, the olive oil industry generates a substantial amount of pomace, a semi-solid residue made up of skin, pulp, pit, and kernel fragments. Rather than being disposed of, the pomace can be dried and transported to an extraction facility where pomace oil can be extracted. Utilizing its high thermal capacity, the extracted pomace can be used as a supplementary fuel in the drying process, resulting in the production of ashes.

Pasta Enriched with Carrot and Olive Leaf Flour Retains High Levels of Accessible Bioactives after In Vitro Digestion.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the levels of antioxidants and polyphenols in pasta enriched with either carrot or olive leaf flours after simulating gastrointestinal digestion. Pasta samples were prepared with fixed amounts of carrot and olive leaf flours (15% and 6% of the total mixture, respectively). We measured the antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content at different stages of the pasta production process, starting from the initial flour to the cooked pasta, and tested samples of the liquid component and solid waste resulting from the digestion process.

Tomato Biodiversity and Drought Tolerance: A Multilevel Review.

Ongoing global climate change suggests that crops will be exposed to environmental stresses that may affect their productivity, leading to possible global food shortages. Among these stresses, drought is the most important contributor to yield loss in global agriculture. Drought stress negatively affects various physiological, genetic, biochemical, and morphological characteristics of plants.

Brodifacoum Levels and Biomarkers in Coastal Fish Species following a Rodent Eradication in an Italian Marine Protected Area: Preliminary Results.

Brodifacoum is the most common rodenticide used for the eradication of invasive rodents from islands. It blocks the vitamin K cycle, resulting in hemorrhages in target mammals. Non-target species may be incidentally exposed to brodifacoum, including marine species.

Distinct Tomato Cultivars Are Characterized by a Differential Pattern of Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress.

Future climate scenarios suggest that crop plants will experience environmental changes capable of affecting their productivity. Among the most harmful environmental stresses is drought, defined as a total or partial lack of water availability. It is essential to study and understand both the damage caused by drought on crop plants and the mechanisms implemented to tolerate the stress.

Cocoa Bar Antioxidant Profile Enrichment with Underutilized Apples Varieties.

The impact of dried apples ( × Borkh.) addition on improving the antioxidant characteristics of dark chocolate was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH scavenging activity and showed an increase in the cocoa bar with 'Nesta' dry apple (17.

Chemical Profiling of Two Italian (L.) Varieties Subjected to UV-B Stress.

The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer due to natural and/or anthropogenic causes decreases the amount of UV-B radiation filtered, and consequently increases the risk of potential damage to organisms. In the Mediterranean region, high UV-B indices are frequent. Even for species typical of this region, such as the olive tree, the progressive increase in UV-B radiation represents a threat.

Italian Tomato Cultivars under Drought Stress Show Different Content of Bioactives in Pulp and Peel of Fruits.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the performance, in terms of accumulation of antioxidant compounds in fruits, of nine local and three commercial Italian tomato cultivars subjected to drought stress. The same local cultivars had been previously studied at morpho-physiological level.

Methods: The present manuscript analyzes drought stress as a tool to increase the amount of secondary metabolites that can enhance fruit quality.

Olive Varieties under UV-B Stress Show Distinct Responses in Terms of Antioxidant Machinery and Isoform/Activity of RubisCO.

In recent decades, atmospheric pollution led to a progressive reduction of the ozone layer with a consequent increase in UV-B radiation. Despite the high adaptation of olive trees to the Mediterranean environment, the progressive increase of UV-B radiation is a risk factor for olive tree cultivation. It is therefore necessary to understand how high levels of UV-B radiation affect olive plants and to identify olive varieties which are better adapted.

Calcitriol Treatment Attenuates Uric Acid-Induced Kidney Injury via Super Oxide Dismutase-1 (SOD-1) Upregulation and Fibrosis Reduction.

Background: Hyperuricemia induces nephropathy through the mediation of oxidative stress, tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. The high uric acid level is associated with the reduction of vitamin D levels. However, the reno-protective effects of this vitamin in hyperuricemia condition remain unknown.

Morpho-Physiological Classification of Italian Tomato Cultivars ( L.) According to Drought Tolerance during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth.

Irrigation is fundamental for agriculture but, as climate change becomes more persistent, there is a need to conserve water and use it more efficiently. It is therefore crucial to identify cultivars that can tolerate drought. For economically relevant crops, such as tomatoes, this purpose takes on an even more incisive role and local agrobiodiversity is a large genetic reservoir of promising cultivars.

Impact of Peels Extracts from an Italian Ancient Tomato Variety Grown under Drought Stress Conditions on Vascular Related Dysfunction.

Background: Tomato by-products contain a great variety of biologically active substances and represent a significant source of natural antioxidant supplements of the human diet. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of a by-product from an ancient Tuscan tomato variety, Rosso di Pitigliano (RED), obtained by growing plants in normal conditions (-Ctr) or in drought stress conditions (-Ds) for their beneficial effects on vascular related dysfunction.

Methods: The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) were measured.

Liver fibrosis associated with adipose tissue and liver inflammation in an obesity model.

Introduction: Obesity, the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), affects the secretion of various hormones that lead to change in metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation may contribute to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and induce liver injury. This study was aimed to investigate the association between adipose tissue inflammation and liver fibrosis.

Upregulation of Megalin, Cubilin, NGAL mRNA expression in kidney may represent tubular injury and apoptosis in chronic condition of rat diabetic model.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to microvascular injury development and produces diabetes nephropathy (DN) with proteinuria, tubular injury, apoptosis and autophagy with upregulation of Bax, BASP and mTORC-1. Megalin, Cubilin and Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) play role in acute pathological condition of kidney injury, however its expression in chronic and slowly progressive kidney injury such as DN has not been elucidated yet. This study focuses upregulation of Megalin, Cubilin and NGAL in association with tubular injury and apoptosis in DN condition.

Molecular investigation of Tuscan sweet cherries sampled over three years: gene expression analysis coupled to metabolomics and proteomics.

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a stone fruit widely consumed and appreciated for its organoleptic properties, as well as its nutraceutical potential. We here investigated the characteristics of six non-commercial Tuscan varieties of sweet cherry maintained at the Regional Germplasm Bank of the CNR-IBE in Follonica (Italy) and sampled ca.

Chronic heat stress affects the photosynthetic apparatus of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Micro-Tom.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. Tomato is a plant model and the relationship between yield and biotic/abiotic stress has attracted increasing scientific interest.

The Use of Curcumin as a Complementary Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to verify the efficacy and safety of curcumin as a complementary therapy for the maintenance or induction of remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A comprehensive search was conducted by two independent authors in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, and ScienceDirect. The search terms "curcumin", "curcuma", "inflammatory bowel disease", "proctocolitis", "crohn disease", and "inflammation" were combined to create search protocols.

Uric acid induces liver fibrosis through activation of inflammatory mediators and proliferating hepatic stellate cell in mice.

Introduction: Uric acid is associated with cardiometabolic risk factor and severity of liver damage. The mechanism of uric acid inducing liver damage is still elusive. This study elucidates the development of liver fibrosis under hyperuricemia.