Susceptibility of primary ovine dorsal soft palate and palatine tonsil cells to FMDV infection.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. This disease is one of the most important in animal health due to its significant socio-economic impact, especially in case of an outbreak. One important challenge associated with this disease is the ability of the FMD virus (FMDV) to persist in its hosts through still unresolved underlying mechanisms.

[Proceedings of the International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, 2023].

The International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (ISWAVLD) is the unmissable biannual meeting of all diagnostic veterinary laboratories including biologists, veterinarians and other scientists involved in laboratory diagnostics. It took place at the Lyon Convention Centre (29 June-1 July 2023). It was a pleasant and enriching moment, which allowed participants to discover and/or discuss new diagnostic methods and the epidemiology of animal diseases, around all themes involving veterinarians (animal health, but also environmental and human health, and food safety).

Development of a primary cell model derived from porcine dorsal soft palate for foot-and-mouth disease virus research and diagnosis.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that has a significant socio-economic impact. One concern associated with this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), to persist in its hosts through underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. While persistence has been described in cattle and small ruminants, it is unlikely to occur in pigs.

[Perception of barriers and facilitators in the continuity of care for precarious migrants in general practice].

Introduction: Continuity of care is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of somatic and mental conditions in precarious migrants. This study explored the barriers and facilitators in the continuity of care provided to precarious migrants in general practice.

Methods: A qualitative study was carried out based on semi-directed interviews with twenty precarious migrants.

[Foot and mouth disease virus: transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis and surveillance].

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious viral animal diseases. It is an old disease which still poses a permanent threat of re-emergence for free zones. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), a Picornavirus belonging to genus Aphthovirus affects domestic and wild artiodactyls.

Identification of diffusion routes of O/EA-3 topotype of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Africa and Western Asia between 1974 and 2019 - a phylogeographic analysis.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects the livestock industry and socioeconomic sustainability of many African countries. The success of FMD control programs in Africa depends largely on understanding the dynamics of FMD virus (FMDV) spread. In light of the recent outbreaks of FMD that affected the North-Western African countries in 2018 and 2019, we investigated the evolutionary phylodynamics of the causative serotype O viral strains all belonging to the East-Africa 3 topotype (O/EA-3).

Inter-laboratory comparison of 2 ELISA kits used for foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein serology.

Serologic assays used to detect antibodies to nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are used for disease surveillance in endemic countries, and are essential to providing evidence for freedom of the disease with or without vaccination and to recover the free status of a country after an outbreak. In a 5-site inter-laboratory study, we compared the performance of 2 commercial NSP ELISA kits (ID Screen FMD NSP ELISA single day [short] and overnight protocols, ID.Vet; PrioCHECK FMDV NS antibody ELISA, Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Bovine Organospecific Microvascular Endothelial Cell Lines as New and Relevant In Vitro Models to Study Viral Infections.

Microvascular endothelial cells constitute potential targets for exogenous microorganisms, in particular for vector-borne pathogens. Their phenotypic and functional variations according to the organs they are coming from provide an explanation of the organ selectivity expressed in vivo by pathogens. In order to make available relevant tools for in vitro studies of infection mechanisms, our aim was to immortalize bovine organospecific endothelial cells but also to assess their permissivity to viral infection.

The antibody response induced FMDV vaccines in sheep correlates with early transcriptomic responses in blood.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease with high economic impact, representing a major threat for cloven-hooved mammals worldwide. Vaccines based on adjuvanted inactivated virus (iFMDV) induce effective protective immunity implicating antibody (Ab) responses. To reduce the biosafety constraints of the manufacturing process, a non-replicative human adenovirus type 5 vector encoding FMDV antigens (Ad5-FMDV) has been developed.

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Chad.

This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses.

Model of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV-free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed a model of persistent FMDV infection in bovine dorsal soft palate (DSP).

Safe and cost-effective protocol for shipment of samples from Foot-and-Mouth Disease suspected cases for laboratory diagnostic.

An essential step towards the global control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the identification of circulating virus strains in endemic regions to implement adequate outbreak control measures. However, due to the high biological risk and the requirement for biological samples to be shipped frozen, the cost of shipping samples becomes one of major obstacles hindering submission of suspected samples to reference laboratories for virus identification. In this study, we report the development of a cost-effective and safe method for shipment of FMD samples.

Genetic Characterization of Serotypes A and Asia-1 Foot-and-mouth Disease Viruses in Balochistan, Pakistan, in 2011.

This study reports characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in samples collected from Balochistan, Pakistan. FMDV was detected by pan-FMDV real-time RT-PCR in 31 samples (epithelial and oral swabs) collected in 2011 from clinical suspect cases. Of these, 29 samples were serotyped by serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR assays and were confirmed by sequencing the VP1 coding region.

Establishment and validation of two duplex one-step real-time RT-PCR assays for diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease.

Two duplex one-step TaqMan-based RT-PCR protocols for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were established and validated. Each RT-PCR test consists of a ready-to-use master mix for simultaneous detection of the well established 3D or IRES FMDV targets and incorporates the host β-actin mRNA as an internal control target, in a single-tube assay. The two real-time RT-PCR 3D/β-actin and IRES/β-actin tests are highly sensitive and able to detect up to 7TCID50/ml of FMDV and 10 copies/1μl of viral RNA.

Re-Emergence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 in France, 2015.

At the end of August 2015, a ram located in central France (department of Allier) showed clinical signs suggestive of BTV (Bluetongue virus) infection. However, none of the other animals located in the herd showed any signs of the Bluetongue disease. Laboratory analyses identified the virus as BTV serotype 8.

Establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in MDBK cells.

In addition to acute infection and disease, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can cause persistent infection in ruminants. Such "carrier" animals represent a potential risk for FMDV transmission to susceptible animals. However, the mechanisms and the factors that determine FMDV persistence remain unknown.

Acute death associated with Citrobacter freundii infection in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana).

A 21-year-old male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) died suddenly with no previous medical history. Grossly, there were severe multifocal epicardial and endocardial hemorrhages of the atria and ventricles, hydropericardium, multifocal pleural hemorrhages, and severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Histologically, there was fibrinoid vasculitis and thrombosis in the heart and lung and myocardial necrosis.

FATAL ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS INFECTION IN AN AFRICAN SAVANNA ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) IN A FRENCH ZOO.

A fatal case of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) involving an African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) occurred in November 2013 at the Réserve Africaine de Sigean, France. An adult female was found dead without any preliminary symptoms. Gross pathologic changes consisted of petechiae and hemorrhages on mucosae and internal organs, abundant transudate in the abdominal and pericardial cavities, and myocarditis.

Novel bluetongue virus in goats, Corsica, France, 2014.

During 2000-2013, 4 genotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) were detected in Corsica, France. At the end of 2013, a compulsory BTV-1 vaccination campaign was initiated among domestic ruminants; biological samples from goats were tested as part of a corresponding monitoring program. A BTV strain with nucleotide sequences suggestive of a novel serotype was detected.

First isolation and molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Benin.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. It is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting livestock animals. In West Africa, where constant circulation of FMD virus (FMDV) is assumed, very few studies on the characterization of circulating strains have been published.

Encephalomyocarditis virus 2A protein is required for viral pathogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis.

The encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), a Picornaviridae virus, has a wide host spectrum and can cause various diseases. EMCV virulence factors, however, are as yet ill defined. Here, we demonstrate that the EMCV 2A protein is essential for the pathogenesis of EMCV.