Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Receiving Anticoagulation for Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious medical condition that can be an unfortunate complication arising from foot and ankle surgery. Many factors may predispose a patient to a VTE event including prolonged postoperative immobilization, comorbidities, extended length of tourniquet time, and higher risk surgeries. Unfortunately, there is no clinical consensus for guidelines on VTE prophylaxis following foot and ankle surgery.

Gouty Tophi in Sinus Tarsi of Bilateral Feet Mimicking Synovial Sarcoma:A Case Report.

Chronic gout is defined as accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in joints, cartilage, tendons, bursae, bone, and soft tissue. The foot is the most common location for acute gout flares, with the first metatarsophalangeal joint being the most frequent site of tophus formation. However, few studies have reported gouty tophus formation in the subtalar joint.

Silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene attenuates chronic ischemic renal injury in two-kidney, one-clip rats.

Overactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is implicated as a pathogenic factor in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, controversy exists regarding the roles of HIF-1α in CKD. Additionally, although hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are observed in various CKD and HIF-1α has been shown to stimulate fibrogenic factors, there is no direct evidence whether HIF-1α is an injurious or protective factor in chronic renal hypoxic injury.

Silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene attenuated angiotensin II-induced renal injury in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Although it has been shown that upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is protective in acute ischemic renal injury, long-term overactivation of HIF-1α is implicated to be injurious in chronic kidney diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a well-known pathogenic factor producing chronic renal injury and has also been shown to increase HIF-1α. However, the contribution of HIF-1α to Ang II-induced renal injury has not been evidenced.