B cells from old mice induce the generation of inflammatory T cells through metabolic pathways.

We have measured the capacity of B cells from young and old mice to induce the differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells from young mice into pro-inflammatory subsets. We found that only B cells from old mice are inflammatory and induce in vitro secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IFN-γ by T cells. In co-culture experiments, B cells from old mice showed a strong helper function on T cells from young mice, making them pro-inflammatory, and this effect is regulated by metabolic pathways, mainly anaerobic glycolysis, leading to increased RNA expression of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and increased secretion of lactate.

Systemic treatment for severe atopic dermatitis in children: a case series.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is children's most frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease. In most patients, this condition is controlled with topical treatments; however, some patients with severe AD do not respond to these treatments, requiring systemic therapy. There is insufficient information about the ideal dose, time of use, clinical response, and safety of systemic therapy in children with severe AD.

Influence of electrode potential, pH and NAD concentration on the electrochemical NADH regeneration.

Electrochemical NAD reduction is a promising method to regenerate NADH for enzymatic reactions. Many different electrocatalysts have been tested in the search for high yields of the 1,4-isomer of NADH, the active NADH, but aside from electrode material, other system parameters such as pH, electrode potential and educt concentration also play a role in NADH regeneration. The effect of these last three parameters and the mechanisms behind their influence on NADH regeneration was systematically studied and presented in this paper.

National trend of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Background: As people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) enjoy longer life expectancy with highly effective antiretroviral therapy, they are encountering challenging cardiovascular health risks.

Aim: To retrospectively examine the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases in PLWH over the past decade.

Methods: All hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) in PLWH were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM codes in the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2018.

Neural effects of continuous theta-burst stimulation in macaque parietal neurons.

Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) has become a standard non-invasive technique to induce offline changes in cortical excitability in human volunteers. Yet, TBS suffers from a high variability across subjects. A better knowledge about how TBS affects neural activity in vivo could uncover its mechanisms of action and ultimately allow its mainstream use in basic science and clinical applications.

Distinct roles of the Chlamydia trachomatis effectors TarP and TmeA in the regulation of formin and Arp2/3 during entry.

The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis manipulates the host actin cytoskeleton to assemble actin-rich structures that drive pathogen entry. The recent discovery of TmeA, which, like TarP, is an invasion-associated type III effector implicated in actin remodeling, raised questions regarding the nature of their functional interaction. Quantitative live-cell imaging of actin remodeling at invasion sites revealed differences in recruitment and turnover kinetics associated with the TarP and TmeA pathways, with the former accounting for most of the robust actin dynamics at invasion sites.

The melatonergic agonist agomelatine ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through the modulation of the gut microbiome.

Background And Purpose: Melatonin has shown beneficial effects on obesity, both in humans and experimental models, via regulating the altered circadian rhythm and thus ameliorating the gut dysbiosis associated with this metabolic condition. However, its clinical use is limited, mostly due to its short half-life. Agomelatine is an agonist of the melatonin receptors that could be used to manage obesity and offer a better profile than melatonin.

Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 exploits Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 biofilm to overgrow in dual-species macrocolonies.

Biofilms are essential for plant-associated bacteria to colonize their host. In this work, we analysed the interaction of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 in mixed macrocolony biofilms. We identified certain culture conditions where A.

Whole-genome DNA methylation patterns of (L.) and (Steud) genotypes associated with aluminum response.

Epigenetic mechanisms in crops have emerged as a fundamental factor in plant adaptation and acclimation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among described epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation has been defined as the most studied epigenetic modification involved in several developmental processes. It has been shown that contrasting methylation marks are associated with gene expression variations between cultivated and wild crop species.

Active site center redesign increases protein stability preserving catalysis in thioredoxin.

The stabilization of natural proteins is a long-standing desired goal in protein engineering. Optimizing the hydrophobicity of the protein core often results in extensive stability enhancements. However, the presence of totally or partially buried catalytic charged residues, essential for protein function, has limited the applicability of this strategy.

Translational challenges and opportunities in biofilm science: a BRIEF for the future.

Biofilms are increasingly recognised as a critical global issue in a multitude of industries impacting health, food and water security, marine sector, and industrial processes resulting in estimated economic cost of $5 trillion USD annually. A major barrier to the translation of biofilm science is the gap between industrial practices and academic research across the biofilms field. Therefore, there is an urgent need for biofilm research to notice and react to industrially relevant issues to achieve transferable outputs.

Review: Methods to determine offal adulteration in meat products to support enforcement and food security.

Offal tissues carry a lower market value compared to skeletal meats in some global markets. The inclusion of offal in any meat product in the EU and UK must be declared on the label. While many technologies have been applied to the challenge of determining adulteration with offal in meat products, no single method has been recognised and validated as a reliable test to support legislative requirements.

Extended Reality in Neurosurgical Education: A Systematic Review.

Surgical simulation practices have witnessed a rapid expansion as an invaluable approach to resident training in recent years. One emerging way of implementing simulation is the adoption of extended reality (XR) technologies, which enable trainees to hone their skills by allowing interaction with virtual 3D objects placed in either real-world imagery or virtual environments. The goal of the present systematic review is to survey and broach the topic of XR in neurosurgery, with a focus on education.

Titanium hydride nanoparticles and nanoinks for aerosol jet printed electronics.

Conductive inks commonly rely on oxidation-resistant metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, copper, and nickel. The criterion of air stability limits the scope of material properties attainable in printed electronic devices. Here we present an alternative approach based on air-stable nanoscale metal hydrides.

ToxR is a c-di-GMP binding protein that modulates surface-associated behaviour in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses multiple protein regulators that work in tandem to control the production of a wide range of virulence factors and facilitate rapid adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. In this opportunistic pathogen, ToxR was known to positively regulate the production of the major virulence factor exotoxin A and now, through analysis of genetic changes between two sublines of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and functional complementation of swarming, we have identified a previously unknown role of ToxR in surface-associated motility in P.

Autophagy-mediated NCOR1 degradation is required for brown fat maturation and thermogenesis.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis affects energy balance, and thereby it has the potential to induce weight loss and to prevent obesity. Here, we document a macroautophagic/autophagic-dependent mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) activity regulation that induces brown adipose differentiation and thermogenesis and that is mediated by TP53INP2. Disruption of TP53INP2-dependent autophagy reduced brown adipogenesis in cultured cells.

Hydrolysis of a carbamate triggered by coordination of metal ions.

The mechanism of carbamate activation promoted by different metal ions has been explored in this work. The reaction of the carbamate ligand HL with chloride metal salts (M = Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) leads to the coordination of the metal ions to the ligand, causing hydrolysis of the systems. This self-immolation process results in mononuclear dihydrazone complexes, carbon dioxide and the release of alcohol species from the pendant groups of the carbamate ligand.

Colleters in Cephalanthus (Rubiaceae) and reevaluation of occurrence of corolline colleters in Angiosperms.

Colleters are glandular structures related to young shoots protection. In several Angiosperm families, as in Rubiaceae colleters are taxonomically important. This study reports presence, location, morpho-anatomical structure, ontogeny and histochemistry of colleters in vegetative and reproductive organs in 6 species of Cephalanthus and 20 species representatives of the tribe Naucleeae.

A solar tower fuel plant for the thermochemical production of kerosene from HO and CO.

Developing solar technologies for producing carbon-neutral aviation fuels has become a global energy challenge, but their readiness level has largely been limited to laboratory-scale studies. Here, we report on the experimental demonstration of a fully integrated thermochemical production chain from HO and CO to kerosene using concentrated solar energy in a solar tower configuration. The co-splitting of HO and CO was performed via a ceria-based thermochemical redox cycle to produce a tailored mixture of H and CO (syngas) with full selectivity, which was further processed to kerosene.

Expression of Chemoresistance-Associated ABC Proteins in Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal cancers account for 36% of the ten million deaths caused by cancer worldwide every year. The two main reasons for this high mortality are their late diagnosis and their high refractoriness to pharmacological treatments, regardless of whether these are based on classical chemotherapeutic agents, targeted drugs, or newer immunomodulators. Mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOC) defining the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype of each tumor depend on the synergic function of proteins encoded by more than one hundred genes classified into seven groups (MOC1-7).