Effector-Mediated Suppression of Programmed Cell Death by in Oil Palm.

is the pathogen causing bud rot in oil palm ). This pathogen secretes effector proteins that manipulate host defenses, contributing to disease progression. In this study, we systematically investigated the role of specific effector proteins in suppressing programmed cell death (PCD) in oil palm leaflets.

Intact HIV reservoir in monocytes is associated with cognitive function in virally suppressed women with HIV.

Background: Monocytes are susceptible to HIV infection, form HIV reservoirs, and contribute to central nervous system complications (e.g., cognitive impairment) in virally suppressed women with HIV(vsWWH).

Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic Profiles and Physiological Responses Provide New Insights into Drought Stress Tolerance in Oil Palm ( Jacq.).

Oil palm ( Jacq.) is a highly productive crop economically significant for food, cosmetics, and biofuels. Abiotic stresses such as low water availability, salt accumulation, and high temperatures severely impact oil palm growth, physiology, and yield by restricting water flux among soil, plants, and the environment.

Infection of Isolates on .

, a hemibiotrophic oomycete, causes diseases in several economically important tropical crops, such as oil palm, which it is responsible for a devastating disease called bud rot (BR). Despite recent progress in understanding host resistance and virulence mechanisms, many aspects remain unknown in isolates from oil palm. Model pathosystems are useful for understanding the molecular interactions between pathogens and hosts.

Control of innate olfactory valence by segregated cortical amygdala circuits.

Animals exhibit innate behaviors that are stereotyped responses to specific evolutionarily relevant stimuli in the absence of prior learning or experience. These behaviors can be reduced to an axis of valence, whereby specific odors evoke approach or avoidance responses. The posterolateral cortical amygdala (plCoA) mediates innate attraction and aversion to odor.

Drought Resilience in Oil Palm Cultivars: A Multidimensional Analysis of Diagnostic Variables.

Water scarcity is a significant constraint on agricultural practices, particularly in Colombia, where numerous palm cultivators rely on rainfed systems for their plantations. Identifying drought-tolerant cultivars becomes pivotal to mitigating the detrimental impacts of water stress on growth and productivity. This study scrutinizes the variability in drought responses of growth, physiological, and biochemical variables integral to selecting drought-tolerant oil palm cultivars in the nursery.

Evaluation of gold adsorption on activated carbon from real cyanide and thiourea leachate solutions.

The recovery of gold by adsorption using activated carbon from sodium cyanide and thiourea leached solutions are reported in this study. The leached solutions were obtained under real operating conditions from the beneficiation plant "Paz Borja", Machala-Ecuador. Calgon Carbon DG-11 6X12 type, widely used in the local metallurgical industry was used as adsorbent material.

The Dynamic Interaction between Oil Palm and in Bud Rot Disease: Insights from Transcriptomic Analysis and Network Modelling.

Bud Rot, caused by , is considered one of the main diseases affecting African oil palm (). In this study, we investigated the in vitro molecular dynamics of the pathogen-host interaction by analyzing gene expression profiles from oil palm genotypes that were either susceptible or resistant to the disease. We observed distinct interactions of with resistant and susceptible oil palms through co-expression network analysis.

Diffusion Bonding 321-Grade Stainless Steel: Failure and Multimodal Characterization.

Vacuum diffusion-bonded printed circuit heat exchangers are an attractive choice for the high-temperature, high-pressure demands of next-generation energy applications. However, early reports show that the high-temperature materials desired for these applications suffer from poor bond strengths due to precipitation at the bond line, preventing grain boundary migration. In this study, a diffusion bond of the high-temperature stainless steel grade 321H is investigated, and poor mechanical properties are found to be caused by Ti(C, N) precipitation at the bond line.

A Response Surface Methodology Study for Mixotrophic Culture Optimization.

Glycerol is a carbon source that produces good biomass under mixotrophic conditions. Enhancing the composition of culture media in algae biomass production improves growth rates, biomass yield, nutrient utilization efficiency, and overall cost-effectiveness. Among the key nutrients in the medium, nitrogen plays a pivotal role.

Using Patient Quotations in Chart Notes: A Clinical Ethics Perspective.

AbstractPer the OpenNotes directive of the 21st Century Cures Act implemented in 2021, patients and their legally recognized representatives must be able to access the electronic medical record in real time. This is an opportunity for clinical ethicists and other providers to reflect on their charting practices, particularly how and when they quote patients. Although using direct quotations is common because it seems to avoid misinterpretation, it may not always be appropriate.

Simultaneous quantification of lead, cadmium and zinc in superficial marine sediments using a carbon-fiber microelectrode modified with bismuth film.

Marine sediments are a useful environmental assessment matrix as they naturally trap toxic substances of anthropogenic origin and thus have higher concentrations of these than the surrounding water. Therefore, developing methods for the sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive quantification of these substances is important, as the traditional techniques have various disadvantages. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of an in situ bismuth-modified carbon-fiber microelectrode (voltamperometric sensor) to simultaneously detect Pb, Cd, and Zn in marine sediments from Puerto Jeli in El Oro Province, Ecuador.

Protein Level Quantification Across Fluorescence-based Platforms.

Biological processes are dependent on protein concentration and there is an inherent variability among cells even in environment-controlled conditions. Determining the amount of protein of interest in a cell is relevant to quantitatively relate it with the cells (patho)physiology. Previous studies used either western blot to determine the average amount of protein per cell in a population or fluorescence intensity to provide a relative amount of protein.

Access to assisted human reproduction techniques in Colombia: Disparity between the recognition of reproductive rights and their effective implementation.

Public funding of assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) is a controversial issue. Some health systems have proposed public funding of ARTs. In recent years, there has been evidence of a change in the line of jurisprudence and legislation in Colombia about this topic.

knockout overcomes HLA-E-mediated inhibition and improves NK cell antitumor activity against solid tumors.

Introduction: Natural Killer (NK) cells hold the potential to shift cell therapy from a complex autologous option to a universal off-the-shelf one. Although NK cells have demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of leukemia, the limited efficacy of NK cell-based immunotherapies against solid tumors still represents a major hurdle. In the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibitory interactions between cancer and immune cells impair antitumoral immunity.

Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding rescues brain pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

Circadian disruptions impact nearly all people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), emphasizing both their potential role in pathology and the critical need to investigate the therapeutic potential of circadian-modulating interventions. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (TRF) without caloric restriction improved key disease components including behavioral timing, disease pathology, hippocampal transcription, and memory in two transgenic (TG) mouse models of AD. We found that TRF had the remarkable capability of simultaneously reducing amyloid deposition, increasing Aβ42 clearance, improving sleep and memory, and normalizing daily transcription patterns of multiple genes, including those associated with AD and neuroinflammation.

Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Oil Palm Seedlings: Unraveling the Untapped Potential of Elevated External Ammonium Supply.

Ammonium (NH) is an essential nitrogen source for plants, but excessive exposure can trigger stress responses that vary among and within different plant species. This study investigated the phenotypic variations in response to ammonium nutrition in five oil palm genotypes seedlings. Nitrate nutrition was used as a reference for a non-stressful condition, and three different nitrogen concentrations (5, 10, and 15 mM) were examined.

Molecular network of the oil palm root response to aluminum stress.

Background: The solubilization of aluminum ions (Al) that results from soil acidity (pH < 5.5) is a limiting factor in oil palm yield. Al can be uptaken by the plant roots affecting DNA replication and cell division and triggering root morphological alterations, nutrient and water deprivation.

Zika virus infection induces expression of NRF2 and antioxidant systems in trophoblast cells.

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the xenobiotic and stress responses. During viral infection, NRF2 can modulate the host metabolism and innate immunity; however, the most common activity of NRF2 in viral diseases is controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Zika virus (ZIKV) is involved in a vertical infection in pregnancy, with reported fetal health consequences.

Abundance and phylogenetic distribution of eight key enzymes of the phosphorus biogeochemical cycle in grassland soils.

Grassland biomes provide valuable ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling. Organic phosphorus (Po) represents more than half of the total P in soils. Soil microorganisms release organic P through enzymatic processes, with alkaline phosphatases, acid phosphatases and phytases being the key P enzymes involved in the cycling of organic P.

Parthenocarpy-related genes induced by naphthalene acetic acid in oil palm interspecific O × G [ (Kunth) Cortés × Jacq.] hybrids.

Parthenocarpy is the development without fertilization of seedless fruits. In the oil palm industry, the development of parthenocarpic fruits is considered an attractive option to increase palm oil production. Previous studies have shown the application of synthetic auxins in , and interspecific O×G hybrids ( (Kunth) Cortés × Jacq.

Aligned TiO Scaffolds in the Presence of a Galactopyranose Matrix by Sol-Gel Process.

In this work, titanium dioxide scaffolds were synthesized. Titanium isopropoxide (IV) was used as a precursor in its formation, using a polymeric network of galactopyranose as a template. The powder sample obtained was evaluated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA).