Use of Tirzepatide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scientific Evidence and Practical Aspects.

Tirzepatide is a novel antidiabetic medication a single-molecule, agonist to the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors. It is approved in the USA and EU for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Due to the potential novelty represented by incorporating tirzepatide to clinical practice, we aim to review practical aspects of tirzepatide use in T2DM and the supporting scientific evidence.

Reduction of prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome with tirzepatide: a post hoc analysis from the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized as the co-occurrence of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Once weekly tirzepatide is approved in the US and EU for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the SURPASS clinical trial program for T2D, tirzepatide demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, body weight reduction and other cardiometabolic risk factors versus placebo, subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine.

Disease and Economic Burden of Poor Metabolic and Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes in Spain: A Systematic Literature Review.

Introduction: Poor metabolic control and excess body weight are frequently present in people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D).

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify observational studies reporting clinical, economic, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes associated with poor metabolic (according to HbA1c, blood pressure [BP] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] levels) and/or weight control (defined by a body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m) in adults with T2D in Spain, including articles published in either Spanish or English between 2013 and 2022 and conference abstracts from the last 2 years.

Results: Nine observational studies were included in the analysis.

Glycaemic Control and Weight Reduction: A Narrative Review of New Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes.

Early and intensive treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with lower risk of diabetes-related complications. Control of overweight and obesity, which are strongly associated with T2D and many of its complications, is also key in the management of the disease. New therapies allow for individualised glycaemic control targets with greater safety.

Functional, Physical, and Volatile Characterization of Chitosan/Starch Food Films Functionalized with Mango Leaf Extract.

Active packaging is one of the currently thriving methods to preserve highly perishable foods. Nonetheless, the integration of active substances into the formulation of the packaging may alter their properties-particularly mass transfer properties-and therefore, the active compounds acting. Different formulations of chitosan (CH), starch (ST), and their blends (CH-ST), with the addition of mango leaf extract (MLE) have been polymerized by casting to evaluate their food preservation efficiency.

GLP-1 RAs in Spain: A Short Narrative Review of Their Use in Real Clinical Practice.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of drugs with potent glucose-lowering activity. Additionally, some GLP-1 RAs have demonstrated cardiovascular and renal benefits. Current guidelines recommend their use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk of or with established cardiovascular disease (CVD), regardless of glycaemic control, with lifestyle modification and metformin.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review of the Key Evidence with Practical Considerations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are incretin-mimetic agents that are effective adjuncts in the treatment of diabetes. This class of medications is also associated with promoting weight loss and a low risk of hypoglycemia, and some have been shown to be associated with a significant reduction of major cardiovascular events. Mounting evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs have benefits beyond reducing blood glucose that include improving kidney function in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common microvascular complication of T2DM.

Glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dulaglutide, with and without concomitant insulin: Post hoc analyses of randomized clinical trials.

Aim: To investigate the association between treatment with dulaglutide and glycaemic variability (GV) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Materials And Methods: Post hoc analyses of six randomized, phase 3 studies were conducted to investigate the association between treatment with dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly and GV in adult patients with T2D.

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and the Need for Organ Support Predict Mortality in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective therapy resulting in increased definitive cure rates or extended disease-free survival in various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. However, because of the high risk of severe complications of this therapy, up to 50% of patients may require being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to manage life-threatening conditions. We aimed to evaluate the in-hospital mortality of allo-HSCT recipients admitted to the ICU and to identify those variables associated with in-hospital mortality.

Real-World Use of Insulin Glargine U100 and U300 in Insulin-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: DosInGlar Study.

Introduction: In the EDITION clinical trial programme, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin glargine (IGlar) U300 required 10-15% more insulin than those receiving IGlar U100. This study sought to determine whether this difference was apparent in real-world practice.

Methods: In this observational, retrospective cohort study, electronic medical records in the Big-Pac® database (Real Life Data) relating to adult insulin-naïve patients with T2DM who initiated IGlar U100 or U300 treatment in Spain in 2016-2017 and remained on treatment for 18 months were selected.

Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objectives of this systematic literature review were to identify and synthesize published data describing the epidemiology and mortality of CVD in the T2DM population and the associated economic burden.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review searching the PubMed and MEDES databases from 2009 to 2019 using predefined selection criteria.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Data from a Real-World Study in Spain.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe utilization patterns, persistence, resource utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in routine clinical practice in Spain.

Methods: This retrospective study of medical records in the Big-Pac database identified adults starting treatment with once-weekly (QW) dulaglutide, exenatide-QW or once-daily liraglutide between 1 November 2015 and 30 June 2017. Patients were followed for up to 18 months from treatment initiation.

Resource use and costs in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in routine clinical practice in Spain.

Objective: To compare healthcare resource use (HRU) and annual costs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with poor glycaemic control and obesity versus good glycaemic control without obesity.

Methods: Observational retrospective study based on the analysis of electronic medical records from the BIG-PAC database, with one year of follow-up. T2DM patients aged ≥30 years who requested medical care during 2013 were included.

Once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in the early control of fasting serum glucose and HbA1c.

Aims: To determine the early benefit:risk balance of dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This post hoc analysis used data from a randomized, open-label study (AWARD-2; modified intention-to-treat group) in which suboptimally controlled metformin + glimepiride-treated patients received dulaglutide 1.5 mg (n = 273) or insulin glargine (n = 262).

Clinical Inertia in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Obesity: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Introduction: To evaluate clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and poor glycaemic control in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study based on the analysis of medical records from the BIG-PAC® database. Subjects who required medical care in 2013 with the following characteristics were enrolled in the study: age ≥ 30 years, diagnosis of T2DM, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 8%, obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m) and treatment with ≥ 2 oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Dulaglutide is an effective treatment for lowering HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of body mass index.

Aim: To assess the relationship between baseline body mass index (BMI) and glycaemic control in dulaglutide-treated patients, a post hoc analysis was conducted on HbA1c and baseline BMI data from eight AWARD studies, with a total of 5770 patients.

Materials And Methods: Changes from baseline in HbA1c data from patients treated with 1.5 mg or 0.

Change in HbA Across the Baseline HbA Range in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Receiving Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Other Incretin Agents.

Introduction: This exploratory post hoc analysis investigated the relative changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dulaglutide versus active comparators across a continuous range of baseline HbA values using data from three phase III randomised controlled trials.

Methods: Data from patients receiving once-weekly dulaglutide 0.75 and 1.

A Review of Practical Issues on the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are well established as effective treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 RAs augment insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release via the stimulation of GLP-1 receptors. Although all GLP-1 RAs share the same underlying mechanism of action, they differ in terms of formulations, administration, injection devices and dosages.

A paired trial comparing mononuclear cell collection in two machines for further inactivation through an inline or offline extracorporeal photopheresis procedure.

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective treatment. However, protocols differ widely, and some questions, such as the number of cells to be collected or the number of ECP treatment days per treatment cycle, are still unsolved. The aim of this study was to compare a multistep (offline) (Spectra Optia and Macogenic G2) against an integrated (inline) ECP system (Therakos Cellex system) with respect to mononuclear cell (MNC) collection.