Prepartum Vaccination Against Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Its Effect on Mammary Health and Milk Yield of Dairy Cows: A Retrospective Study Addressing Non-Specific Effects of Vaccination.

Prepartum vaccinations against neonatal calf diarrhea pathogens are administered in late pregnancy to provide passive immunity to calves through protective colostral antibodies. Potential non-specific effects of the vaccine on maternal innate immune responses and disease susceptibility during the sensitive transition period have not been addressed so far. In this retrospective study, data from 73,378 dairy cows on 20 farms in Germany were analyzed, using linear mixed-effects regression, quantile regression, and decision-tree-algorithms, to investigate the effects of prepartum vaccination on mammary health and milk yield by comparing non-vaccinated and vaccinated transition periods.

Optimizing survey conditions for Burmese python detection and removal using community science data.

Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) have demonstrated prolific spread and low detectability within their invasive range in Florida, USA. Consequently, programs exist which incentivize contractors to remove pythons. While surveying, contractors collect data on search effort and python captures.

Differential Mapping of Psychopathic Traits and General Psychopathology in a Large Young Adult Sample.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by affective-interpersonal features and an impulsive-antisocial lifestyle. Psychopathy commonly co-occurs with other forms of psychopathology, but current understanding of how behavioral features of psychopathy co-occur with, or are distinct from, other mental health problems is limited. In this study, we analysed data from a large sample of young adults to study the relationship between different facets of psychopathic traits and general psychopathology ("p").

MicroRNA in pediatric pulmonary hypertension microRNA profiling to inform disease classification, severity, and treatment response in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Pediatric pulmonary hypertension is a heterogeneous disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs have been implicated as both pathologic drivers of disease and potential therapeutic targets in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. We sought to characterize the circulating microRNA profiles of a diverse array of pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Polyol pathway-generated fructose is indispensable for growth and survival of non-small cell lung cancer.

Despite recent treatment advances, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and therefore it necessitates the exploration of new therapy options. One commonly shared feature of malignant cells is their ability to hijack metabolic pathways to confer survival or proliferation. In this study, we highlight the importance of the polyol pathway (PP) in NSCLC metabolism.

Effects of snake fungal disease (ophidiomycosis) on the skin microbiome across two major experimental scales.

Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global biodiversity conservation. Elucidating the relationship between pathogens and the host microbiome could lead to novel approaches for mitigating disease impacts. Pathogens can alter the host microbiome by inducing dysbiosis, an ecological state characterized by a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity, an increase in pathobionts, or a shift in beta diversity.

The significance of glutaredoxins for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable metabolic disease hallmarked by chronic hyperglycemia caused by beta-cell failure. Diabetic complications affect the vasculature and result in macro- and microangiopathies, which account for a significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes is a major global health burden.

Dissecting tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in syngeneic mouse models: insights on cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes shaped by infiltrating T cells.

Murine syngeneic tumor models have been used extensively for cancer research for several decades and have been instrumental in driving the discovery and development of cancer immunotherapies. These tumor models are very simplistic cancer models, but recent reports have, however, indicated that the different inoculated cancer cell lines can lead to the formation of unique tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To gain more knowledge from studies based on syngeneic tumor models, it is essential to obtain an in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of the TME in the different models.

WDR5 facilitates recruitment of N-MYC to conserved WDR5 gene targets in neuroblastoma cell lines.

Collectively, the MYC family of oncoprotein transcription factors is overexpressed in more than half of all malignancies. The ability of MYC proteins to access chromatin is fundamental to their role in promoting oncogenic gene expression programs in cancer and this function depends on MYC-cofactor interactions. One such cofactor is the chromatin regulator WDR5, which in models of Burkitt lymphoma facilitates recruitment of the c-MYC protein to chromatin at genes associated with protein synthesis, allowing for tumor progression and maintenance.

Implementation of Video Laryngoscope-Assisted Coaching Reduces Adverse Tracheal Intubation-Associated Events in the PICU.

Objectives: To evaluate implementation of a video laryngoscope (VL) as a coaching device to reduce adverse tracheal intubation associated events (TIAEs).

Design: Prospective multicenter interventional quality improvement study.

Setting: Ten PICUs in North America.

ZnT8 Loss of Function Mutation Increases Resistance of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Beta Cells to Apoptosis in Low Zinc Condition.

The rare mutation encoding a truncating p.Arg138* variant (R138X) in zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is associated with a 65% reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. To determine whether ZnT8 is required for beta cell development and function, we derived human pluripotent stem cells carrying the R138X mutation and differentiated them into insulin-producing cells.

Brain Structure Relations With Psychopathology Trajectories in the ABCD Study.

Objective: A general psychopathology (p) factor captures shared variation across mental disorders. Structural neural alterations have been associated with the p factor concurrently, but less is known about whether these alterations relate to within-person change in the p factor over time, especially during preadolescence, a period of neurodevelopmental changes.

Method: This study examined whether baseline brain structure was prospectively related to the trajectory of the p factor and specific forms of psychopathology over 2 years in 9,220 preadolescents (aged 9-10 at baseline) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD).

Superconducting Instabilities in Strongly Correlated Infinite-Layer Nickelates.

The discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates has added a new family of materials to the fascinating growing class of unconventional superconductors. By incorporating the strongly correlated multiorbital nature of the low-energy electronic degrees of freedom, we compute the leading superconducting instability from magnetic fluctuations relevant for infinite-layer nickelates. Specifically, by properly including the doping dependence of the Ni d_{x^{2}-y^{2}} and d_{z^{2}} orbitals as well as the self-doping band, we uncover a transition from d-wave pairing symmetry to nodal s_{±} superconductivity, driven by strong fluctuations in the d_{z^{2}}-dominated orbital states.

Child executive function and future externalizing and internalizing problems: A meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies.

To determine the association between executive function and later externalizing and internalizing problems, we conducted a meta-analysis of 167 studies (1098 effect sizes, total N = 66,119) that explored the longitudinal associations between executive functions in children and subsequent externalizing and internalizing problems. The results indicated that greater child executive function was prospectively associated with fewer attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, fewer conduct problems, fewer oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, less substance use, fewer broad externalizing problems, fewer depression symptoms, and fewer broad internalizing problems, but not with subsequent anxiety symptoms. Moderator analyses revealed that the sample type moderated the associations of executive function with both ADHD symptoms and conduct problems.

The SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 facilitates multiple pro-tumorigenic gene expression programs in SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is driven by the loss of the SNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and then thought to be maintained by residual SWI/SNF (rSWI/SNF) complexes that remain present in the absence of SNF5. rSWI/SNF subunits colocalize extensively on chromatin with the transcription factor MYC, an oncogene identified as a novel driver of MRT. Currently, the role of rSWI/SNF in modulating MYC activity has neither been delineated nor has a direct link between rSWI/SNF and other oncogenes been uncovered.

Loss and Recovery of Glutaredoxin 5 Is Inducible by Diet in a Murine Model of Diabesity and Mediated by Free Fatty Acids In Vitro.

Free fatty acids (FFA), hyperglycemia, and inflammatory cytokines are major mediators of β-cell toxicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, impairing mitochondrial metabolism. Glutaredoxin 5 (Glrx5) is a mitochondrial protein involved in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters required for complexes of the respiratory chain. We have provided evidence that islet cells are deprived of Glrx5, correlating with impaired insulin secretion during diabetes in genetically obese mice.

Associations between Brain Structural Alterations, Executive Dysfunction, and General Psychopathology in a Healthy and Cross-Diagnostic Adult Patient Sample.

Background: A general psychopathology '' factor captures shared variance across mental disorders in diverse samples and may partly reflect executive dysfunction. Higher factor scores have been related to structural alterations within the visual association cortex (VAC) and a cerebello-thalamo-cerebrocortical circuit (CTCC), both of which are important for executive control. Here, we tested replicability of these direct associations as well as the indirect role of executive functioning in a sample of healthy and cross-diagnostic adult patients.

Host microbiome responses to the Snake Fungal Disease pathogen (Ophidiomyces ophidiicola) are driven by changes in microbial richness.

Dermatophytic pathogens are a source of disturbance to the host microbiome, but the temporal progression of these disturbances is unclear. Here, we determined how Snake Fungal Disease, caused by Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, resulted in disturbance to the host microbiome. To assess disease effects on the microbiome, 22 Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) were collected and half were inoculated with O.

Effect of Clinical Decision Support at Community Health Centers on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in socioeconomically vulnerable patients is suboptimal; better risk factor control could improve CVD outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) targeting CVD risk in community health centers (CHCs).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cluster randomized clinical trial included 70 CHC clinics randomized to an intervention group (42 clinics; 8 organizations) or a control group that received no intervention (28 clinics; 7 organizations) from September 20, 2018, to March 15, 2020.

Cyanosis in a Newborn Immediately after Birth.

Cyanosis in a Newborn Immediately after BirthA male neonate, weighing 3.9 kg, was delivered via Cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation. He cried immediately after birth, but his whole body appeared blue and he had low muscle tone that did not improve with suctioning and stimulation.

An observational study of workflows to support fecal testing for colorectal cancer screening in primary care practices serving Medicaid enrollees.

Background: Screening supports early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Provision of fecal immunochemical tests/fecal occult blood tests (FIT/FOBT) in primary care can increase CRC screening, particularly in populations experiencing health disparities. This study was conducted to describe clinical workflows for FIT/FOBT in Oregon primary care practices and to identify specific workflow processes that might be associated (alone or in combination) with higher (versus lower) CRC screening rates.