Interaction of Lipopolysaccharide-Spiked Blood with Anti-Fouling Polymyxin B-Modified Glass.

Bacterial endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), plays a major role in the initiation of sepsis, a severe inflammatory condition. Removal of the toxin from blood is one accepted method of patient treatment. Polymyxin B (PMB)-modified columns have been employed successfully for this purpose via extra-corporeal blood-flow systems that incorporate a cartridge for toxin removal.

The plasma peptides of sepsis.

Background: A practical strategy to discover sepsis specific proteins may be to compare the plasma peptides and proteins from patients in the intensive care unit with and without sepsis. The aim was to discover proteins and/or peptides that show greater observation frequency and/or precursor intensity in sepsis. The endogenous tryptic peptides of ICU-Sepsis were compared to ICU Control, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, female normal, sepsis, heart attack, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis along with their institution-matched controls, female normals and normal samples collected directly onto ice.

The plasma peptides of breast versus ovarian cancer.

Background: There is a need to demonstrate a proof of principle that proteomics has the capacity to analyze plasma from breast cancer versus other diseases and controls in a multisite clinical trial design. The peptides or proteins that show a high observation frequency, and/or precursor intensity, specific to breast cancer plasma might be discovered by comparison to other diseases and matched controls. The endogenous tryptic peptides of breast cancer plasma were compared to ovarian cancer, female normal, sepsis, heart attack, Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis along with the institution-matched normal and control samples collected directly onto ice.

The plasma peptides of ovarian cancer.

Background: It may be possible to discover new diagnostic or therapeutic peptides or proteins from blood plasma by using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify, quantify and compare the peptides cleaved ex vivo from different clinical populations. The endogenous tryptic peptides of ovarian cancer plasma were compared to breast cancer and female cancer normal controls, other diseases with their matched or normal controls, plus ice cold plasma to control for pre-analytical variation.

Methods: The endogenous tryptic peptides or tryptic phospho peptides (i.

The plasma peptidome.

Background: It may be possible to discover new diagnostic or therapeutic peptides or proteins from blood plasma using LC-ESI-MS/MS to identify, with a linear quadrupole ion trap to identify, quantify and compare the statistical distributions of peptides cleaved ex vivo from plasma samples from different clinical populations.

Methods: A systematic method for the organic fractionation of plasma peptides was applied to identify and quantify the endogenous tryptic peptides from human plasma from multiple institutions by C18 HPLC followed nano electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with a linear quadrupole ion trap. The endogenous tryptic peptides, or tryptic phospho peptides (i.

Rapid detection of resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are becoming a global healthcare concern. Current laboratory methods for the detection of CPE include screening followed by confirmatory phenotypic and genotypic tests. These processes would generally take ≥72 hours, which could negatively impact patient care and Infection Control practices.

Potential biomarkers of tissue hypoxia during acute hemodilutional anemia in cardiac surgery: A prospective study to assess tissue hypoxia as a mechanism of organ injury.

Purpose: Hemodilutional anemia is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery by mechanisms that may include tissue hypoxia. Our hypothesis was to assess if changes in the potential hypoxic biomarkers, including methemoglobin and erythropoietin, correlated with a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration following hemodilution on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Arterial blood samples were taken from patients (n = 64) undergoing heart surgery and CPB at baseline, during CPB, following CPB, and in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Novel Insights into the Direct Removal of Endotoxin by Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion.

Aim: To demonstrate the capacity of polymyxin B-direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) column Toraymyxin® 20R (PMX-20R) in removing endotoxin (LPS) from perfused blood, serum and plasma.

Methods: Endotoxin-spiked bovine serum was perfused in PMX-20R as per the recommended performance testing protocol. Samples were taken at various time points to assess the amount of endotoxin removed during a 4-h session.

Prevention of surface-induced thrombogenesis on poly(vinyl chloride).

Much biomedical equipment consisting of or containing plastic polymer(s) must come into contact with blood - an interaction that, at the molecular level, may unfortunately prompt biological processes with potentially deleterious, short- or long-term effects such as thrombosis. In the present investigation, this problem is alleviated for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) through chemical surface modification with an ultrathin, monoethylene glycol-based coating - a transformation that is characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) supplemented by contact angle goniometry (CAG). Antithrombogenic properties are assessed through calculation (for the first 10 min, and after 60 min) of the surface coverage percentage due to platelet adhesion, aggregation and thrombus formation upon continuous exposure to fluorescently-labelled whole human blood.

Acoustic wave biosensor for the detection of the breast and prostate cancer metastasis biomarker protein PTHrP.

There are currently no biosensors that are able to reliably detect the process of cancer metastasis. We describe the first label-free real-time ultra-high frequency acoustic wave biosensor prototype capable of detecting the breast and prostate cancer metastasis biomarker, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). Two different linkers - 11-trichlorosilyl-undecanoic acid pentafluorophenyl ester (PFP) and S-(11-trichlorosilyl-undecanyl)-benzothiosulfonate (TUBTS) - were used to immobilize whole anti-PTHrP antibodies and Fab' fragments to surfaces as biorecognition elements.

Endotoxemia Following Multiple Trauma: Risk Factors and Prognostic Implications.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and time course of systemic endotoxemia following severe multiple trauma, to define its risk factors, and to explore the correlation between post-trauma endotoxemia and organ dysfunction.

Design: Prospective single-center cohort study.

Setting: Emergency department and ICU of adult tertiary care level I trauma center.

In vitro and in vivo cell-capture strategies using cardiac stent technology - A review.

Stenosis is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), and is caused by narrowing of arteries in the heart. Over the last several decades, medical implants such as cardiac stents have been developed to counter stenosis. Upon implantation of a stent to open up a restricted artery, narrowing of the artery can reoccur (restenosis), due to an immune response launched by the body towards the stent.

Adlayer-mediated antibody immobilization to stainless steel for potential application to endothelial progenitor cell capture.

This work describes the straightforward surface modification of 316L stainless steel with BTS, S-(11-trichlorosilylundecanyl)-benzenethiosulfonate, a thiol-reactive trichlorosilane cross-linker molecule designed to form intermediary coatings with subsequent biofunctionalization capability. The strategy is more specifically exemplified with the immobilization of intact antibodies and their Fab' fragments. Both surface derivatization steps are thoroughly characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

High efficiency reduction capability for the formation of Fab׳ antibody fragments from F(ab) units.

Antibodies have widespread applications in areas ranging from therapeutics to chromatography and protein microarrays. Certain applications require only the fragment antigen-binding (Fab) units of the protein. This study compares the cleavage efficacy of dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethylamine (MEA), and dithiobutylamine (DTBA) - a relatively new reducing agent synthesized in 2012.

Neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein concentration is increased in CSF and serum samples from patients with brain injury.

Background: Brain injury is a medical emergency that needs to be diagnosed and treated promptly. Several proteins have been studied as biomarkers of this medical condition. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the selectivity and precision of a commercial ELISA kit for neurofilament medium polypeptide (NFM) protein; and 2) evaluate the concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of healthy individuals and patients with brain damage.

Profilin-1 expression is associated with high grade and stage and decreased disease-free survival in renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with high mortality, although individual outcomes are highly variable. Identification of patients with increased risk of disease progression can guide customizing management plan according to disease severity. Profilin-1 (Pfn1) has been recently identified as overexpressed in metastatic ccRCC compared with primary tumors.

A true theranostic approach to medicine: towards tandem sensor detection and removal of endotoxin in blood.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death around the world. The condition occurs when a local infection overcomes the host natural defense mechanism and suddenly spreads into the circulatory system, triggering a vigorous, self-injurious inflammatory host response. The pathogenesis of sepsis is relatively well known, one of the most potent immuno-activator being bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - also known as 'endotoxin'.

Prevention of thrombogenesis from whole human blood on plastic polymer by ultrathin monoethylene glycol silane adlayer.

In contemporary society, a large percentage of medical equipment coming in contact with blood is manufactured from plastic polymers. Unfortunately, exposure may result in undesirable protein-material interactions that can potentially trigger deleterious biological processes such as thrombosis. To address this problem, we have developed an ultrathin antithrombogenic coating based on monoethylene glycol silane surface chemistry.

Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential diagnostic markers and pathways involved in pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.

There are no serum biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Diagnosis and decision of nephrectomy rely on imaging which is not always accurate. Non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers are urgently required.

Galectin-1 has potential prognostic significance and is implicated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through the HIF/mTOR signaling axis.

Background: Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients have <9% 5-year survival rate, do not respond well to targeted therapy and eventually develop resistance. A better understanding of molecular pathways of RCC metastasis is the basis for the discovery of novel prognostic markers and targeted therapies.

Methods: We investigated the biological impact of galectin-1 (Gal-1) in RCC cell lines by migration and invasion assays.

Identification and validation of dysregulated metabolic pathways in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 9 % and low response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Targeted therapies have slightly improved patient survival, but are only effective in a small subset of patients, who eventually develop resistance. A better understanding of pathways contributing to tumor progression and metastasis will allow for the development of novel targeted therapies and accurate prognostic markers.

Body mass index as a risk factor for increased serum lactate during craniotomy.

Background: An increase in serum lactate can occur in patients undergoing craniotomy. We hypothesized that prolonged craniotomy for brain tumor resection leads to inadequate tissue perfusion as demonstrated by increased level of lactate. This study attempts to determine the mechanism and identify any modifiable risk factors.