Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã : a project to inspire, stimulate scientific thinking, and introduce scientific methodology for young students.

The Scientists of Tomorrow/ Cientistas do Amanhã project is an immersive science training program developed by the Program of Post-Graduation in Health Sciences at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. This program was conducted in partnership with Volunteering and Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Professor Paulo Freire in Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. The Scientists of Tomorrow Program comprised a short training period conducted in May 2022 involving 37 students, and a long training period from August to December 2022, which included 15 students.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Isolated from Shoulder Surgery Reveals Insights into Genetic Diversity.

Specific virulence factors that likely influence invasion into deep tissues remain to be elucidated. Herein, we describe the frequency of identification in deep tissue specimens of patients undergoing clean shoulder surgery and assess its phenotypic and genetic traits associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance patterns, compared with isolates from the skin of healthy volunteers. Multiple deep tissue specimens from the bone fragments, tendons, and bursa of 84 otherwise healthy patients undergoing primary clean-open and arthroscopic shoulder surgeries were aseptically collected.

Whole Genome Sequencing of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Isolate Containing , , and .

harboring genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as carbapenems, have been associated with severe infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we reported the first whole genome sequence of a Brazilian isolate of and the genomic context of antibiotic resistance markers. By whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a carbapenem-resistant isolate, RpHUM1, we found 23 resistance-encoding genes belonging to 9 classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and diaminopyrimidine derivatives) and 3 plasmids (RpHUM1pEaer-4382s, RpHUM1_pFDAARGOS_440, and RpHUM1pRSF1010).

A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of the Emergent ST16 Lineage: Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and a Comparison with the Clinically Relevant ST11 Strain.

is considered an opportunistic pathogen frequently involved with healthcare-associated infections. The genome of is versatile, harbors diverse virulence factors and easily acquires and exchanges resistance plasmids, facilitating the emergence of new threatening clones. In the last years, ST16 has been described as an emergent, clinically relevant strain, increasingly associated with outbreaks, and carrying virulence factors (such as ICE, , ) and a diversity of resistance genes.

The Gastrointestinal Load of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriacea Is Associated With the Transition From Colonization to Infection by Isolates Harboring the Gene.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections by carbapenem-resistant are difficult to control. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes contribute to infection, but the mechanisms associated with the transition from colonization to infection remain unclear.

Objective: We investigated the transition from carriage to infection by isolates carrying the carbapenemase-encoding gene (KpKPC).

High lethality rate of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Intensive Care Units of a Brazilian hospital: An epidemiologic surveillance study.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a growing threat to public health.

Methods: A 3-year retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and lethality of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii isolated from Brazilian patients.

Extracellular vesicles cargo from head and neck cancer cell lines disrupt dendritic cells function and match plasma microRNAs.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of the immune system response. Encapsulated in EVs, microRNAs can be transferred between cancer and immune cells. To define the potential effects of EVs originated from squamous cell carcinoma cells on immune system response, we performed microRNA profiling of EVs released from two distinct cell lines and treated dendritic cells derived from circulating monocytes (mono-DCs) with these EVs.

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks: a global problem in healthcare settings.

Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in hospital settings has rapidly emerged worldwide as a serious health problem.

Methods: This review synthetizes the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, highlighting resistance mechanisms.

A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for .

is a ubiquitous microorganism and an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for a broad spectrum of infections mainly in immunosuppressed and critically ill patients. Molecular investigations traditionally rely on pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In this work we propose a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme for , a methodology that combines traditional MLST principles with whole genome sequencing data.

Anticancer Activities of the Quinone-Methide Triterpenes Maytenin and 22-β-hydroxymaytenin Obtained from Cultivated Roots Associated with Down-Regulation of miRNA-27a and miR-20a/miR-17-5p.

Natural triterpenes exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Since this group of secondary metabolites is structurally diverse, effects may vary due to distinct biochemical interactions within biological systems. In this work, we investigated the anticancer-related activities of the quinone-methide triterpene maytenin and its derivative compound 22-β-hydroxymaytenin, obtained from roots cultivated in vitro.

Mutagenesis Induced by Sub-Lethal Doses of Ciprofloxacin: Genotypic and Phenotypic Differences Between the Strain PA14 and Clinical Isolates.

Bacterial resistance is a severe threat to global public health. Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations has been considered a major driver of mutagenesis leading to antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. Ciprofloxacin is broadly used to treat infections caused by , whereas increased mutagenesis induced by sub-lethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin has been reported for the reference strain, PAO1, .

A high mortality rate associated with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST79 and ST25 carrying OXA-23 in a Brazilian intensive care unit.

The global spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains has restricted the therapeutic options available to treat infections due to this pathogen. Understanding the prevalence of such infections and the underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance may help in the implementation of adequate measures to control and prevent acquisition of nosocomial infections, especially in an intensive care unit setting.

Comparative Genomics of Nonoutbreak Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Underlines Genome Plasticity and Geographic Relatedness of the Global Clone ST235.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen in hospitals, responsible for various infections that are difficult to treat due to intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Here, 20 epidemiologically unrelated strains isolated from patients in a general hospital over a time period of two decades were analyzed using whole genome sequencing. The genomes were compared in order to assess the presence of a predominant clone or sequence type (ST).

Treatment Outcomes of Brazilian Inmates with and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study.

A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and treatment outcomes of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in inmates from Central Brazil. In 2013, 3,363 inmates from 12 prisons in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul were recruited, and 1,614 remained incarcerated after 1 year. The inmates were interviewed, and blood samples were collected for serological testing for and HIV infections.