Functional impact of oxygen-saturated zeolite nanoparticles on macrophages in the context of glioblastoma: an in vitro and in vivo study.

In the context of glioblastoma (GBM), hypoxia and inflammation are two main players of the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia stimulates various features involves in tumor growth and also maintains a specific environment that favors protumor macrophages. Therefore, targeting hypoxia could potentially restore an anti-tumor M1 phenotype in macrophages.

Modification of apparent intracerebral hematoma volume on T2-weighted images during normobaric oxygen therapy may contribute to false diagnosis.

It was previously reported that normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO) significantly affected T2-weighted imaging in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, it is unclear whether a similar phenomenon exists in large volume ICH as seen in human pathology. We investigated the effects of NBO on T2-weighted images in a pig model of ICH.

High resolution 3T fMRI in anesthetized monkeys.

Although there are numerous 3T MRI research devices all over the world, only a few functional studies at 3T have been done in anesthetized monkeys. In the past, anesthetized preparations were reported to be misleading when exploring cortical brain regions outside the primary sensory areas. Nonetheless, a great improvement has been achieved in the limited effect of anesthetic agents on the reactivity of the brain.

Comparison of the effects of erythropoietin and its carbamylated derivative on behaviour and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.

Erythropoietin (EPO), a well known haematopoietic growth factor, possesses neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects which have been recently reported to improve cognition and to modulate emotional processing. We investigated the effects of EPO and of its non-erythropoietic carbamylated derivative (CEPO) on memory- and emotion-related behaviour in the adult mouse. Locomotor activity, memory performances (place and object recognition tasks), anxiety- (light/dark transition test) and despair-like behaviours (tail suspension test) were assessed over 6 weeks of repeated EPO or CEPO administration (40 μg/kg, twice a week).

Permanent or transient chronic ischemic stroke in the non-human primate: behavioral, neuroimaging, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations.

Using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), behavioral, and immunohistochemical analyses, we examined pathological changes at the acute, sub-acute, and chronic stages, induced by permanent or temporary ischemia in the common marmoset. Animals underwent either permanent (pMCAO) or 3-h transient (tMCAO) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) by the intraluminal thread approach. MRI scans were performed at 1 h, 8, and 45 days after MCAO.

Delayed hypoxic postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia in the mouse.

Background And Purpose: Inspired from preconditioning studies, ischemic postconditioning, consisting of the application of intermittent interruptions of blood flow shortly after reperfusion, has been described in cardiac ischemia and recently in stroke. It is well known that ischemic tolerance can be achieved in the brain not only by ischemic preconditioning, but also by hypoxic preconditioning. However, the existence of hypoxic postconditioning has never been reported in cerebral ischemia.

Intraluminal thread model of focal stroke in the non-human primate.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey, has recently been used as a model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Here, we sought to develop a stroke model in this species using an intraluminal approach to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). This technically simple procedure allows both transient and permanent ischaemia with minimal morbidity.

Delayed administration of deferoxamine reduces brain damage and promotes functional recovery after transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.

The mechanisms underlying functional recovery after stroke are poorly understood. Brain-adaptive responses to the hypoxic stress elicited by ischemia could contribute to these mechanisms. Indeed, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), one of the main transcriptional factors regulated by oxygen level, increases the expression of several beneficial genes such as erythropoietin, glucose transporter-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor.