[Reconstruction of the large defects of the scalp with local fastiocutan flaps].

No depending on the reason the large defects of the scalp, denuded from periost calvaria or without calvaria are difficult problem for reconstruction. There are several methods for reconstruction: local, distant pedicled and free flaps. Local fastiocutan flaps should be consider as a first step when planning scalp reconstruction.

[Breast asymmetry due to lympho-hemangioma of the left breast. Communication of a case report].

Breast asymmetry is relatively common condition. Mild breast asymmetry usually does not require correction. A rare case of breast asymmetry due to lymphoheamangioma of the left breast operated at 1 and 3 years of age was corrected in two stages.

[Mastopexy with minimal scar].

The image of the breast as a symbol of femininity plays an essential role in the way a woman looks at herself and contributes to her personal and social development. Fashion nowadays uncovers rather than covers a woman's body, and long scars resulting from mammaplasty are less accepted now than they were in the past, more so because the scar quality is unforeseeable. The main concern of mastopexy is to limit the scars, creating a nice breast shape.

Neonatal kidneys: sonographic anatomic correlation.

The ultrasound appearances of the neonatal and adult kidney contrast dramatically. In the normal kidney of a newborn infant, the echogenicity of the renal cortex equals that of the liver. To determine the morphological reasons for the unique and specific sonographic findings, we performed a quantitative anatomic analysis of the components of the kidney on autopsy specimens from four neonates.

Renal parenchymal disease: sonographic-histologic correlation.

A retrospective study of 109 patients who underwent renal biopsy was designed to correlate the sonographic appearance of the kidney with the histologic changes and clinical and laboratory findings in various renal parenchymal diseases. The clinical, pathologic, and sonographic data were analyzed blindly and independently by a team from each corresponding discipline. There was no correlation between the specific sonographic appearance and the type of renal disease.

The renal sinus during allograft rejection: sonographic and histopathologic findings.

In fourteen renal allografts, the sonographic appearance of the renal sinus was correlated with the histopathologic findings. In each allograft specimen, the histologic changes in the renal sinus were compared with those in the renal cortex. Except for one case (hyperacute rejection), the histologic rejection changes were of similar severity within the cortex and renal sinus.

Acute post-transplantation renal failure: differential diagnosis by ultrasound.

Sonograms of 35 patients with cadaveric renal allografts were reviewed. The patients included five with successful renal transplantations, seven with acute tubular necrosis, 19 with acute rejection, one with complete occlusion of the renal artery, and three with stenosis of a renal artery. During the course of acute tubular necrosis, the renal anatomy remained sonographically unaltered.