Wavebreakers in excitable systems and possible applications for corrosion mitigation.

Traveling waves of excitation arise from the spatial coupling of local nonlinear events by transport processes. In corrosion systems, these electro-dissolution waves relay local perturbations across large portions of the metal surface, significantly amplifying overall damage. For the example of the magnesium alloy AZ31B exposed to sodium chloride solution, we report experimental results suggesting the existence of a vulnerable zone in the wake of corrosion waves where local perturbations can induce a unidirectional wave pulse or segment.

Bimetallic CuNi Nanoparticle Formation: Solution Combustion Synthesis and Molecular Dynamic Approaches.

Nanomaterials are vital in catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and biomedicine and now incorporate multiprincipal element materials to meet evolving technological demands. However, achieving a uniform distribution of multiple elements in these nanomaterials poses significant challenges. In this study, various Cu-Ni compositions were used as a model system to investigate the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles by employing computer simulation molecular dynamics methods and comparing the results with observations from solution-combustion-synthesized materials of the same compositions.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of SiO Nanoparticles Using Extract of Gracilaria Crassa Via Green Chemistry Approach.

Biologically synthesized nanoparticles via biological entities are produced with less negative impact on the environment and without expensive chemicals, which have biocompatibility and are eco-friendly. Gracilaria crassa is a well-known marine red alga that is edible and unique and is the commercial source of agar and agarose production. In this work, Gracilaria crassa-mediated SiO NPs were synthesized by the green synthesis method.

Electroplating sludge derived CuFeO/MgFeO metal oxide composites for highly efficient removal of Congo red.

The utilization of electroplating sludge (ES) to derive metal oxide functional materials is a key strategy, as it enables the recycling of valuable elements, mitigates environmental risks, and aligns with green, low-carbon development strategies. Nevertheless, the development of metal oxide composite functional materials with distinctive structures and properties derived from ES continues to present several challenges. Herein, we synthesized CuFeO/MgFeO metal oxide composites from ES by one-step hydrothermal method.

Morphogenic Modeling of Corrosion Reveals Complex Effects of Intermetallic Particles.

Corrosion processes are often discussed as stochastic events. Here, it is shown that some of these seemingly random processes are not driven by nanoscopic fluctuations but rather by the spatial distribution of micrometer-scale heterogeneities that trigger fast reactions associated with corrosion. Using a novel excitable reaction-diffusion model, corrosion waves traveling over the metal surface and the associated material loss are described.

Simple Solution Plasma Synthesis of Ni@NiO as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Application.

Pursuing of straightforward and cost-effective methods for synthesizing high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is a topic of significant interest. This study elucidates a one-step synthesis approach for a conversion composite using glow discharge in a nickel formate solution, yielding a composite precursor comprising metallic nickel, nickel hydroxide, and basic nickel salts. Subsequent annealing of the precursor facilitated the formation of the Ni@NiO composite, exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties as anode material in Li-ion batteries: a capacity of approximately 1000 mAh g, cyclic stability exceeding 100 cycles, and favorable rate performance (200 mAh g at 10 A g).

A simplified longitudinal model for the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Obesity and diabetes are a progressively more and more deleterious hallmark of modern, well fed societies. In order to study the potential impact of strategies designed to obviate the pathological consequences of detrimental lifestyles, a model for the development of Type 2 diabetes geared towards large population simulations would be useful. The present work introduces such a model, representing in simplified fashion the interplay between average glycemia, average insulinemia and functional beta-cell mass, and incorporating the effects of excess food intake or, conversely, of physical activity levels.

High-strength gypsum binder with improved water-resistance coefficient derived from industrial wastes.

The article presents the possibility of increasing the water resistance of gypsum binders (GBs) obtained based on synthetic gypsum by introducing additives derived from industrial wastes. Regularities were obtained for the influence of the type and amount of additives on the water/gypsum ratio (W/G), strength indicators and water resistance of high-strength GB. The introduction of a single-component additive to improve water resistance does not have a significant effect.

Laboratory Analysis of the Renal Function Changes Under Long-Term Exposure to Extremely Low Ambient Temperatures: Case Report.

The study subject was a healthy, 47-year-old man, a low temperature Guinness World Record holder. He spent 50 days alone in Rovaniemi, Lapland, and functioned in the ambient temperature ranging from +2°C to -37°C. He did not use sources of heat, he did not eat warm meals or drink hot water, and did not dry his clothes.

Recovery of carbon from spent carbon cathode by alkaline and acid leaching and thermal treatment and exploration of its application in lithium-ion batteries.

The spent carbon cathode (SCC) is a hazardous solid waste from aluminum production. It has an abundant carbon source and a unique graphitic carbon layer structure, making it a valuable waste for recycling. This paper uses alkaline and acid leaching methods to report a straightforward way of extracting recovered carbon (RC) from SCC as anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).

Combustion Synthesis of Magnesium-Aluminum Oxynitride MgAlON with Tunable Composition.

Magnesium-aluminum oxynitride MgAlON has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique properties and potential applications. Herein, we report a systematic study on the synthesis of MgAlON with tunable composition by employing the combustion method. The Al/AlO/MgO mixture was combusted in nitrogen gas, and the effects of Al nitriding and oxidation by Mg(ClO) on the exothermicity of the mixture, combustion kinetics, and phase composition of combustion products were investigated.

Development of a new design of deironing granulated filter for joint removal of iron and ammonium nitrogen from underground water.

Providing the population with high-quality drinking water is one of the main state tasks. Rural water supply systems and water supply systems of small settlements in the region require special attention, namely, the development of technologies for individual, small-sized water treatment equipment, as well as equipment for collective use, designed to purify groundwater for drinking purposes. In many areas, there are groundwaters containing excess levels of several pollutants, which makes their purification much more difficult.

Approaches for filtrate utilization from synthetic gypsum production.

Waste recycling and industrial wastewater treatment have always been of interest. A green approach was developed for the filtrate of synthetic gypsum production from water treatment coagulation sediments and spent sulfuric acid. Due to the high concentration of iron sulfate, concentrated filtrate showed good coagulation results, which were 5% lower than pure iron sulfate.

Low-temperature method for desiliconization of polymetallic slags by ammonium bifluoride solution.

Throughout the period of operation of non-ferrous metal deposits, a significant amount of waste has been accumulated. The accumulated waste contains valuable metals in concentrations that allow considering them as valuable raw materials. However, it is worth noticing the presence of problems that previously did not allow for more complete extraction of the target components.

Synthesis and effect of CoCuFeNi high entropy alloy nanoparticles on seed germination, plant growth, and microorganisms inactivation activity.

Implementation of nanotechnology in agriculture is of interest primarily to improve the growth and productivity of crops, and to minimize the use of traditional expensive chemical fertilizers. This work presents a simple energy-conservative approach for the synthesis of CoCuFeNi high entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) capable of forming a stable suspension with a concentration of 0.3 g/L.

Reuse of walnut shell waste in the development of fired ceramic bricks.

The development of agricultural waste-doped fired bricks is an important step toward achieving lightweight eco-efficient bricks with improved thermal insulation property. Recent research in masonry has been tailored towards the production of energy-efficient building by incorporating waste materials as additives. This effectuates a safe waste disposal, cost effectiveness, and also serve as a giant stride towards environmental sustainability.

Paperbricks produced from wastes: modeling and optimization of compressive strength by response surface approach.

The high cost of building materials occasioned by the increased cost of constituent materials has contributed immensely to the problem of housing deficit faced in Africa and major developing countries of the world. Waste paper can be recycled into bricks but there are limited studies to that effect. Waste glass is used as partial cement replacement to reduce the cost of cement and is also used as a pozzolan.

Mathematical modelling, multi-objective optimization, and compliance reliability of paper-derived eco-composites.

The quest for cost-effective and thermal efficient structural materials onto beating the high cost of construction is gaining more attention among researchers. This study focused on the blending of cement and sand with waste paper pulp into cost-effective structural materials. The composites were prepared in four mix groups with each containing a fixed amount of sand at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.

Modeling, multi-response optimization, and performance reliability of green metal composites produced from municipal wastes.

For the purpose of reducing and reusing municipal wastes, used aluminum products, waste glass, and rice husk were selected and reprocessed into green-metal composite. The process entailed recycling of waste glass and rice husk into glass powder (GP) and rice husk ash (RHA), respectively. These were employed as additives in recycled aluminum melt.

Mechanical performance and Taguchi optimization of kenaf fiber/cement-paperboard composite for interior application.

Demand for particleboards keeps increasing and as such more trees are fell for its production, engendering deforestation. For the purpose of reducing falling of trees, this study, focused on recycling of waste paper in the development of paperboard as alternative to particleboards used for furniture and interior household applications. Kenaf fiber (KF) was blended at varying proportions of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt.

Recycling of synthetic waste wig fiber in the production of cement-adobe for building envelope: physio-hydric properties.

Waste wigs are often disposed off in their volume on landfills, thus constituting a nuisance to the environment. Recycling these wigs in masonry bricks is a way via which they can be recycled and reused. On such premise, waste wig fiber (WWF) was recycled by incorporating into the cement-sand-clay composite mix for masonry bricks production.

The Effect of Extreme Cold on Complete Blood Count and Biochemical Indicators: A Case Study.

Regular exposure to a cold factor-cold water swimming or ice swimming and cold air-results in an increased tolerance to cold due to numerous adaptive mechanisms in humans. Due to the lack of scientific reports on the effects of extremely low outdoor temperatures on the functioning of the human circulatory system, the aim of this study was to evaluate complete blood count and biochemical blood indices in multiple Guinness world record holder Valerjan Romanovski, who was exposed to extremely cold environment from -5 °C to -37 °C for 50 days in Rovaniemi (a city in northern Finland). Valerjan Romanovski proved that humans can function in extremely cold temperatures.

Ecological problems of environment mudflows and their prediction: experience of Georgia.

Among the natural disasters on the planet, especially in the mountainous and foothill regions, it is widespread erosive-debris flow events, which have the most significant environmental and economic damage to humanity. Georgia is no exception. This paper aims to develop a new methodology to calculate the predictive quantities of debris flow, essential for implementing anti-debris flow measures.

Genotoxicity and inflammatory potential of stainless steel welding fume particles: an in vitro study on standard vs Cr(VI)-reduced flux-cored wires and the role of released metals.

Welders are daily exposed to various levels of welding fumes containing several metals. This exposure can lead to an increased risk for different health effects which serves as a driving force to develop new methods that generate less toxic fumes. The aim of this study was to explore the role of released metals for welding particle-induced toxicity and to test the hypothesis that a reduction of Cr(VI) in welding fumes results in less toxicity by comparing the welding fume particles of optimized Cr(VI)-reduced flux-cored wires (FCWs) to standard FCWs.