Geoelectric fields and geomagnetically induced currents during the April 23-24, 2023 geomagnetic storm.

We present a study on the dynamical variations of geoelectric fields E during the intense geomagnetic storm of April 23-24, 2023. The storm is caused by the interplanetary counterpart of a coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun in association with an M1.7 X-ray flare.

In situ methods for measuring thermal properties and heat flux on planetary bodies.

The thermo-mechanical properties of planetary surface and subsurface layers control to a high extent in which way a body interacts with its environment, in particular how it responds to solar irradiation and how it interacts with a potentially existing atmosphere. Furthermore, if the natural temperature profile over a certain depth can be measured in situ, this gives important information about the heat flux from the interior and thus about the thermal evolution of the body. Therefore, in most of the recent and planned planetary lander missions experiment packages for determining thermo-mechanical properties are part of the payload.