Comparisons of the effects of acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs.

Objective: To compare the effects of acupuncture (AP), electroacupuncture (EA), and transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) with high-frequency intermittent currents on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and associated cardiovascular variables in dogs.

Animals: 8 healthy adult female Beagles.

Procedure: Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane on 4 occasions, allowing a minimum of 10 days between experiments.

Analgesic, behavioral, and hemodynamic and respiratory effects of midsacral subarachnoidally administered ropivacaine hydrochloride in mares.

Objective: To determine the analgesic, behavioral, hemodynamic and respiratory effects of midsacral subarachnoid administration of ropivacaine hydrochloride solution in mares.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded study.

Animals: Ten healthy mares, weighing from 470 to 560 kg.

Comparison of electroacupuncture and butorphanol on respiratory and cardiovascular effects and rectal pain threshold after controlled rectal distention in mares.

Objective: To compare effects of electroacupuncture and butorphanol on hemodynamic and respiratory variables and rectal analgesia in mares after controlled rectal distention.

Animals: 8 healthy mares.

Procedure: Each horse received saline (0.

Clinical comparison of xylazine and medetomidine for premedication of horses.

Objective: To compare the analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine and xylazine when used for premedication of horses undergoing general anesthesia.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Animals: 40 horses.

Cutaneous analgesia, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, and beta-endorphin concentration in spinal fluid and plasma of horses after acupuncture and electroacupuncture.

Objective: To determine cutaneous analgesia, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, and beta-endorphin concentration in spinal fluid and plasma of horses after acupuncture and electroacupuncture (EA).

Animals: 8 healthy 10- to 20-year-old mares that weighed between 470 and 600 kg.

Procedure: Each horse received 2 hours of acupuncture and 2 hours of PAES at acupoints Bladder 18, 23, 25, and 28 on both sides of the vertebral column as well as sham needle placement (control treatment).

Analgesic, hemodynamic and respiratory effects of caudal epidurally administered ropivacaine hydrochloride in mares.

Objective To determine the analgesic, hemodynamic and respiratory effects, sedation and ataxia in mares of caudal epidural administration of ropivacaine hydrochloride solution. Study design Prospective, single-dose trial. Animals Ten healthy mares weighing from 475 to 565 kg.