Elevated Aminopeptidase P Attenuates Cerebral Arterial Responses to Bradykinin in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats.

Cerebral arterial myogenic and autoregulatory responses are impaired in Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats. Cerebral autoregulatory responses are restored in the congenic rat strain in which a segment of chromosome 1 from the Brown Norway (BN) rat was transferred into the FHH genetic background (FHH.1BN).

Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1β Protects against Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important negative modulator of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness. We recently found that macula densa expresses α-, β-, and γ-splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), and NOS1β expression in the macula densa increases on a high-salt diet. This study tested whether upregulation of NOS1β expression in the macula densa affects sodium excretion and salt-sensitive hypertension by decreasing tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness.

HIV prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual behaviors among transwomen in Mexico City.

Objective: To present results from HIV testing, knowledge of HIV status and socioeconomic factors associated with the probability of having a HIV positive result among transwomen (TW) in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: In 2012, we conducted an HIV seroprevalence survey to 585 TW in Mexico City in three strata: gathering places, the Condesa HIV Clinic and in four detention centers. We estimated the prevalence of HIV in each strata and applied a probit model to the overall sample to analyze factors associated with the probability of a HIV positive result.

Fluorescence dilution technique for measurement of albumin reflection coefficient in isolated glomeruli.

This study describes a high-throughput fluorescence dilution technique to measure the albumin reflection coefficient (σAlb) of isolated glomeruli. Rats were injected with FITC-dextran 250 (75 mg/kg), and the glomeruli were isolated in a 6% BSA solution. Changes in the fluorescence of the glomerulus due to water influx in response to an imposed oncotic gradient was used to determine σAlb.

Post-movement processing in visual oddball task - Evidence from intracerebral recording.

Objective: To identify intracerebral sites activated after correct motor response during cognitive task and to assess associations of this activity with mental processes.

Methods: Intracerebral EEG was recorded from 205 sites of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes in 18 epileptic patients, who responded by button pressing together with mental counting to target stimuli in visual oddball task.

Results: Post-movement event-related potentials (ERPs) with mean latency 295 ± 184 ms after movement were found in all subjects in 64% of sites investigated.

Shear stress blunts tubuloglomerular feedback partially mediated by primary cilia and nitric oxide at the macula densa.

The present study tested whether primary cilia on macula densa serve as a flow sensor to enhance nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) activity and inhibit tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). Isolated perfused macula densa was loaded with calcein red and 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate to monitor cell volume and nitric oxide (NO) generation. An increase in tubular flow rate from 0 to 40 nl/min enhanced NO production by 40.

Impact of cognitive stimulation on ripples within human epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampus.

Background: Until now there has been no way of distinguishing between physiological and epileptic hippocampal ripples in intracranial recordings. In the present study we addressed this by investigating the effect of cognitive stimulation on interictal high frequency oscillations in the ripple range (80-250 Hz) within epileptic (EH) and non-epileptic hippocampus (NH).

Methods: We analyzed depth EEG recordings in 10 patients with intractable epilepsy, in whom hippocampal activity was recorded initially during quiet wakefulness and subsequently during a simple cognitive task.

Comparison of total water vapor column from GOME-2 on MetOp-A against ground-based GPS measurements at the Iberian Peninsula.

Water vapor column (WVC) obtained by GOME-2 instrument (GDP-4.6 version) onboard MetOp-A satellite platform is compared against reference WVC values derived from GPS (Global Positioning System) instruments from 2007 to 2012 at 21 places located at Iberian Peninsula. The accuracy and precision of GOME-2 to estimate the WVC is studied for different Iberian Peninsula zones using the mean (MBE) and the standard deviation (SD) of the GOME-2 and GPS differences.

Renoprotective effects of combined SGLT2 and ACE inhibitor therapy in diabetic Dahl S rats.

This study examined whether control of hyperglycemia with a new SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, given alone or in combination with lisinopril could prevent the development of renal injury in diabetic Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats treated with streptozotocin (Dahl-STZ). Blood glucose levels increased from normoglycemic to hyperglycemic levels after treatment of STZ in Dahl S rats. Chronic treatment of Dahl-STZ rats with luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg/day) increased the fractional excretion of glucose and normalized blood glucose and HbA1c levels.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated Isoindolinones through Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Amination of Enantioenriched Benzylic Carbamates.

The asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated isoindolinones has been achieved by a palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction of the corresponding α-fluoroalkyl o-iodobenzylamines. A base-mediated anti β-hydride elimination process was suggested to explain the partial erosion of the optical purity observed in some cases. This mechanistic rationale enabled the minimization of this partial racemization by fine-tuning the pKa of the base.

Effects of fine particles on children's hospital admissions for respiratory health in Seville, Spain.

Unlabelled: This study analyzes the influence of fine particles PM2.5 on nonprogrammed children's hospital admissions that occurred in the city of Seville between 2007 and 2011, and makes an economic assessment of the cost of the children's hospital admissions for respiratory causes due to particle pollution. The PM2.

Mechanical properties and defect sensitivity of diamond nanothreads.

One of the newest carbon allotropes synthesized are diamond nanothreads. Using molecular dynamics, we determine the stiffness (850 GPa), strength (26.4 nN), extension (14.

Deficiency in the Formation of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Enhances Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the most common cause of AKI. The susceptibility to develop AKI varies widely among patients. However, little is known about the genes involved.

Identification and function of adenosine A3 receptor in afferent arterioles.

Adenosine plays an important role in regulation of renal microcirculation. All receptors of adenosine, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, have been found in the kidney. However, little is known about the location and function of the A3 receptor in the kidney.

Impaired myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is rescued in CYP4A1 transgenic Dahl salt-sensitive rat.

We have reported that a reduction in renal production of 20-HETE contributes to development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. The present study examined whether 20-HETE production is also reduced in the cerebral vasculature of SS rats and whether this impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The production of 20-HETE, the myogenic response of middle cerebral arteries (MCA), and autoregulation of CBF were compared in SS, SS-5(BN) rats and a newly generated CYP4A1 transgenic rat.

Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids in hypertension and renal disease.

Purpose Of Review: Cytochrome (CYP) P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) contribute to the regulation of renal tubular and vascular function. This review highlights the results of the recent genetic studies in humans and rodent models, indicating that these eicosanoids participate in the control of blood pressure (BP), chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Recent Findings: Endogenous 20-HETE has been reported to play an essential role in the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback responses in the afferent arteriole, and a deficiency of 20-HETE contributes to the development of hypertension and renal injury in Dahl S rats.

Preictal dynamics of EEG complexity in intracranially recorded epileptic seizure: a case report.

Recent findings suggest that neural complexity reflecting a number of independent processes in the brain may characterize typical changes during epileptic seizures and may enable to describe preictal dynamics. With respect to previously reported findings suggesting specific changes in neural complexity during preictal period, we have used measure of pointwise correlation dimension (PD2) as a sensitive indicator of nonstationary changes in complexity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Although this measure of complexity in epileptic patients was previously reported by Feucht et al (Applications of correlation dimension and pointwise dimension for non-linear topographical analysis of focal onset seizures.

Zinc-finger nuclease knockout of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 enhances the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in FHH.1BN rats.

We recently reported that the myogenic responses of the renal afferent arteriole (Af-Art) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow (RBF and CBF) were impaired in Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats and were restored in a FHH.1BN congenic strain in which a small segment of chromosome 1 from the Brown Norway (BN) containing 15 genes including dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 (Dusp5) were transferred into the FHH genetic background. We identified 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Dusp5 gene in FHH as compared with BN rats, two of which altered CpG sites and another that caused a G155R mutation.

Cross-reactivity of EGFR mutation-specific immunohistochemistry assay in HER2-positive tumors.

The coexpression of HER2 and EGFR L858R in a solitary nodule removed from the lung, whose mutation was not confirmed by molecular techniques, made us think about the possible existence of a cross-reaction between HER2 and the EGFR L858R-specific antibody. Our study was designed to further analyze the existence of this cross-reaction and stress the need to exclude a metastatic breast cancer when dealing with EGFR L858R-positive cases. The series consists of 42 primary breast carcinomas, 22 HER2 positive for overexpression and amplification, and 20 negative for both.

Nephron Deficiency and Predisposition to Renal Injury in a Novel One-Kidney Genetic Model.

Some studies have reported up to 40% of patients born with a single kidney develop hypertension, proteinuria, and in some cases renal failure. The increased susceptibility to renal injury may be due, in part, to reduced nephron numbers. Notably, children who undergo nephrectomy or adults who serve as kidney donors exhibit little difference in renal function compared with persons who have two kidneys.

Placental ischemia in pregnant rats impairs cerebral blood flow autoregulation and increases blood-brain barrier permeability.

Cerebrovascular events contribute to ~40% of preeclampsia/eclampsia-related deaths, and neurological symptoms are common among preeclamptic patients. We previously reported that placental ischemia, induced by reducing utero-placental perfusion pressure, leads to impaired myogenic reactivity and cerebral edema in the pregnant rat. Whether the impaired myogenic reactivity is associated with altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation and the edema is due to altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains unclear.

Urinary CYP eicosanoid excretion correlates with glomerular filtration in African-Americans with chronic kidney disease.

Previous studies have indicated that cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), i.e., 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), play an important role in the regulation of renal tubular and vascular function.

Role of 20-HETE in the impaired myogenic and TGF responses of the Af-Art of Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

The present study examined whether 20-HETE production is reduced in the renal vasculature and whether this impairs myogenic or tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses of the afferent arteriole (Af-Art). The production of 20-HETE was 73% lower in renal microvessels of Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SS) rats than in SS.5(BN) rats, in which chromosome 5 from the Brown Norway (BN) rat containing the CYP4A genes was transferred into the SS genetic background.

Cytochrome P4504A inhibitors attenuate the exaggerated natriuretic response to volume expansion in thyroidectomized rats.

Thyroidectomy augments the natriuretic response to volume expansion; however, the mechanism remains unknown. This study assessed the role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the natriuretic response to an acute volume expansion in hypothyroid rats. Urine flow (1.