[Schätzung der Wirksamkeit der Grippeimpfung anhand von Sekundärdaten: Eine Kohortenstudie und Propensity-Score-Matching-Analyse von Leistungsdaten aus Baden-Württemberg].

Ziel war es die Wirksamkeit der Influenza-Impfung (VE) für die Grippesaison 2014/2015 auf Grundlage von Routinedaten aus Krankenkassendatensatz zu schätzen und zu replizieren. Zusätzlich sollten methodische Aspekte untersucht werden. Es wurden Abrechnungsdaten von 2,64 Millionen Versicherten der AOK Baden-Württemberg mit dortigem Wohnsitz ab 15 Jahren analysiert.

Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults.

Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent CT examinations before age 22 years in nine European countries.

Pediatric computed tomography doses in Germany from 2016 to 2018 based on large-scale data collection.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies that pediatric computed tomography (CT) examinations can be associated with a small but non-zero excess risk for developing leukemia or brain tumor highlights the need to optimize doses of pediatric CT procedures. Mandatory dose reference levels (DRL) can support reduction of collective dose from CT imaging. Regular surveys of applied dose-related parameters are instrumental to decide when technological advances and optimized protocol design allow lower doses without sacrificing image quality.

Brain cancer after radiation exposure from CT examinations of children and young adults: results from the EPI-CT cohort study.

Background: The European EPI-CT study aims to quantify cancer risks from CT examinations of children and young adults. Here, we assess the risk of brain cancer.

Methods: We pooled data from nine European countries for this cohort study.

Determinants of mammography screening participation-a cross-sectional analysis of the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

Purpose: We investigated the association between social inequality and participation in a mammography screening program (MSP). Since the German government offers mammography screening free of charge, any effect of social inequality on participation should be due to educational status and not due to the financial burden.

Methods: The 'Gutenberg Health Study' is a cohort study in the Rhine-Main-region, Germany.

Investigation of superspreading COVID-19 outbreak events in meat and poultry processing plants in Germany: A cross-sectional study.

Since May 2020, several COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred in the German meat industry despite various protective measures, and temperature and ventilation conditions were considered as possible high-risk factors. This cross-sectional study examined meat and poultry plants to assess possible risk factors. Companies completed a self-administered questionnaire on the work environment and protective measures taken to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Dose Estimation for the European Epidemiological Study on Pediatric Computed Tomography (EPI-CT).

Within the European Epidemiological Study to Quantify Risks for Paediatric Computerized Tomography (EPI-CT study), a cohort was assembled comprising nearly one million children, adolescents and young adults who received over 1.4 million computed tomography (CT) examinations before 22 years of age in nine European countries from the late 1970s to 2014. Here we describe the methods used for, and the results of, organ dose estimations from CT scanning for the EPI-CT cohort members.

[Visual acuity in German preschool children-results of a cross-sectional study].

Background: Within the framework of the German pediatric screening examinations, the checks include visual functions. There is no ophthalmological screening examination in childhood in Germany. This study investigated whether participation in the pediatric screening examinations U8 (at the end of the fourth year of life) and U9 (at the beginning of the sixth year of life) is associated with the results of visual acuity, which are compiled at the school entry examinations (SEU).

No Benefit of a Pediatric Screening in Discovering Reduced Visual Acuity in Children: Experiences from a Cross-Sectional Study in Germany.

Background: The newly introduced German pediatric screening examination at the end of the third year of life (U7a) incorporates visual function testing in particular; there is no ophthalmic screening during childhood in Germany. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between participation in U7a and visual function at the preschool health examination (PHE) in the sixth year of life.

Methods: This study evaluated PHE data from school enrollment years 2009/2010 to 2014/2015 of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Validation of Semantic Analyses of Unstructured Medical Data for Research Purposes.

Hintergrund: In Sekundärdaten existieren oftmals unstrukturierte Freitexte. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Text-Mining-System validiert, um unstrukturierte medizinische Daten für Forschungszwecke zu extrahieren.

Methoden: Aus einer radiologischen Klinik wurden aus 7102 CT-Befunden 1000 zufällig ausgewählt.

Second follow-up of a German cohort on childhood cancer incidence after exposure to postnatal diagnostic x-ray.

Studies on children exposed to ionising radiation by computed tomography (CT) indicate an increased risk of leukemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Evidence of the risks associated with diagnostic x-ray examinations, the most frequent examination in pediatric radiology, in which the radiation dose is up to 750 times lower compared to CT examinations, is less clear. This study presents results of the second follow-up for the risk of childhood cancer in a cohort of children (<15 years) with diagnostic x-ray exposure at a large German hospital during 1976-2003 followed for additional 10 years until 2016.

Health-related quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents with strabismus - results of the representative population-based survey KiGGS.

Background: To estimate the effect of strabismus (squinting) on mental health and health-related quality of life aspects in children and adolescents.

Methods: Data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents KiGGS (2003-2006 baseline survey; N = 14,835, aged 3 to 17 years, 49% girls) were examined. The presence of strabismus was derived by parental questionnaire, and health-related quality of life and mental health were investigated with the KINDL-R and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Radiotherapy for childhood cancer and subsequent thyroid cancer risk: a systematic review.

Most of the pooled analyses and reviews reported an association between radiotherapy for childhood cancer and an increased thyroid cancer risk. Up to now this article presents the first systematic literature review on this association combined with a critical assessment of the methodological quality of the included articles. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles until May 2016.

Understanding cultural influences on back pain and back pain research.

Low back pain is highly prevalent and places a considerable burden on individuals, their families and communities. This back pain burden is unequally distributed around the world and within populations. Clinicians and researchers addressing back pain should be aware of the cultural, social and political context of back pain patients and how this context can influence pain perception, disability and health care use.

[Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Children and Adolescents in Germany - Results of the KiGGS Survey].

To determine the population prevalence and risk factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Germany. The prevalence of myopia in Germany was computed using data from the 2003-2006 German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (N=17 640, 49% girls). Status of myopia was derived from parental questionnaire responses for myopia and the use of spectacles.

[Childhood strabismus in Germany: Prevalence and risk groups : Results of the KiGGS survey].

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of strabismus in children and adolescents in Germany and to determine the associated risk factors, particularly those related to early childhood development.

Methods: In the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS, baseline survey 2003 to 2006, N = 17,640, 49.1% girls), the presence of strabismus and potential risk factors were derived using parental questionnaires.

Computed Tomography in Germany.

Background: In 2001, calculations in models based on atomic bomb survivors indicated that children exposed to ionizing radiation by computed tomography (CT) would be expected to have an increased risk of cancer. This led to the issuance of new recommendations in Germany concerning CT in children.

Methods: We analyzed data from the German pediatric CT cohort study together with data on children from a large general statutory health insurance provider (AOK) in order to characterize the secular trend in the use of CT in Germany.

[Exposure to ionizing radiation from computed tomography (CT) in childhood and cancer risk].

A recent US cohort study estimated 500 cancer cases attributable to exposure to CT out of 600,000 children aged <15 years who underwent a computed tomography (CT) to head or abdomen. This review synthetizes the evidence on the association between exposure to ionizing radiation through CT and cancer risk. Five cohort studies were identified.

Regional Deprivation and Non-Cancer Related Computed Tomography Use in Pediatric Patients in Germany: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cohort Data.

Background: Conflicting findings were observed in recent studies assessing the association between patients' area-level socio-economic status and the received number of computed tomography (CT) examinations in children. The aim was to investigate the association between area-level socio-economic status and variation in CT examination practice for pediatric patients in Germany.

Methods: Data from Radiology Information Systems for children aged 0 to < 15 years without cancer who had at least one CT examination between 2001 and 2010 were extracted in 20 hospitals across Germany.