Plasticity and lineage commitment of individual T1 cells are determined by stable T-bet expression quantities.

T helper 1 (T1) cell identity is defined by the expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor T-bet. Here, we examine the influence of T-bet expression heterogeneity on subset plasticity by leveraging cell sorting of distinct in vivo-differentiated T1 cells based on their quantitative expression of T-bet and interferon-γ. Heterogeneous T-bet expression states were regulated by virus-induced type I interferons and were stably maintained even after secondary viral infection.

Cannabis use during the early COVID-19 pandemic: Use patterns, predictors, and subjective experiences.

Background: Even in the early stages, global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic lead to serious dislocations of social life, secondary adjustment reactions to external restrictions and individual concerns. Coping mechanisms may also include dysfunctional strategies like an increase of drug use. Considering the wide-spread use of cannabis, the aim of this study was to elucidate the interplay of social restrictions, psychopathology, concerns related to the pandemic in addition to the users' experiences, motivations and consumption quantities during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

No party, no drugs? Use of stimulants, dissociative drugs, and GHB/GBL during the early COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is presumably having an impact on the consumption of psychoactive substances. Social distancing and lockdown measures may particularly affect the use of "party drugs" (e.g.

Psychedelic Experiences During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Online Survey.

The current corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a serious global health crisis that has affected large parts of the public and private life worldwide, including the use of psychoactive substances. In this study, we investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of serotonergic psychedelics, i.e.

Predictors of Alcohol Consumption Among Younger Adults During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to negative mental health effects but the effect on alcohol consumption among younger adults is unclear. We assess predictors of change in alcohol consumption during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic among younger adults. This cross-sectional internet-based survey was part of an overarching project, the Corona Drug Survey, which was conducted from April 30 to August 4, 2020.

Th2 cells lacking T-bet suppress naive and memory T cell responses via IL-10.

Exacerbated immune responses and loss of self-tolerance lead to the development of autoimmunity and immunopathology. Novel therapies to target autoreactive T cells are still needed. Here, we report that Th2-polarized T cells lacking the transcription factor T-bet harbor strong immunomodulatory potential and suppress antigen-specific CD8 T cells via IL-10.

IL-33 in T Cell Differentiation, Function, and Immune Homeostasis.

Recent studies have highlighted a role for the alarmin interleukin (IL)-33 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation and function, and have also revealed important distinctions. The IL-33 receptor ST2 is constitutively and abundantly expressed on T-helper-2 (Th2) and GATA-3(+) regulatory T cells in a GATA-3- and STAT5-dependent manner. Upon activation, Th1 and cytotoxic T cells express ST2 transiently, driven by T-bet and/or STAT4.