Transcriptional Response of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates to Ciprofloxacin Stress.

Background: The term "persisters" refers to a small bacterial population that persists during treatment with high antibiotic concentration or dose in the absence of genetic resistance. The present study was designed to investigate the transcriptional response in indigenous under the ciprofloxacin stress.

Methods: Isolation and identification of were carried out through standard microbiological protocols.

Emergence of Harboring ST29 and ST11 in Veterinary Settings and Waste of Pakistan.

Introduction: Intense livestock farming practices enforcing the farmers to use antibiotics as food supplements on a routine basis. Aberrant use of antibiotics is associated with the emergence of antibiotics resistance and resistant superbugs. Keeping in view the current scenario, the present study was designed for the first time from Pakistan with a specific aim to estimate the prevalence of the carbapenem-resistant in veterinary settings and the waste in Pakistan.

CRISPR-Cas system: a potential alternative tool to cope antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic exposure leads to massive selective pressures that initiate the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria. The slow process of developing new antibiotics makes this approach counterintuitive for combatting the rapid emergence of new antibiotic resistant pathogens. Therefore, alternative approaches such as, the development of nucleic acid-based anti-bacterial treatments, anti-bacterial peptides, bacteriocins, anti-virulence compounds and bacteriophage therapies should be exploited to cope infections caused by resistant superbugs.

The First Harboring ST258 Strain Isolated in Pakistan.

is an important pathogen that causes pneumonia and bloodstream infections, especially in neonates and intensive care patients. The carbapenems remain an important therapeutic option for clinicians, particularly against cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. This increased use of carbapenems at clinics has resulted in the evolution and spread of carbapenem-resistant .

Molecular basis of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pakistan.

Antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, is associated with various nosocomial infections that are difficult to treat. This study is designed to find out the patterns of resistance against commonly used antibiotics in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates with special attention to fluoroquinolones.