Comparative characteristics of developing morphofunctional features of schoolchildren from different climatic and geographical regions.

Objectives: Adaptation processes in body of schoolchildren, along with study load and social factors, are determined by influence of climatic and geographical factors of residence region. This research has been undertaken to study the morphofunctional characteristics of schoolchildren at the age of 7-17 years.

Methods: The research involved 880 schoolchildren of both sexes in age from 7 to 17 years, studying in secondary school №22 in Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) and secondary school №7 in Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan).

Morphological, functional, and psychological development of children living permanently in the Tyva Republic.

For estimation of national-ethnic features of the development of young school-children, 1,928 children 8-11 years old of the Russian and Tuvinian ethnicity permanently living in urban and rural areas of the Tyva Republic were studied. The level of physical development, parameters of cardio-respiratory system, psycho-physiological status, functional asymmetry of brain, memory and attention were estimated. It was established that despite accelerated development of all children, Tyvinian schoolboys have lower parameters of physical and mental development, but a higher level of functional condition of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in comparison with Russian children.

Methotrexate induces cell swelling and necrosis in renal tubular cells.

Background: The present study was carried out to investigate if methotrexate (MTX) has a direct lethal effect in renal tubular cells, and if so, to further clarify the mechanisms of cell death.

Materials And Methods: Renal tubular cells (LLC-PK(1) cells) were incubated with MTX (0.01 microM, 0.

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mediates apoptosis induced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli toxins via nitric oxide synthase: protective role of heme oxygenase-1.

Pyelonephritis is a risk factor for renal tubular epithelial cell damage in children. The inter- and intracellular regulator nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the modulation of cellular viability in urinary tract infections, but the role of the NO pathway in renal proximal tubular-cell death remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that, in renal epithelial cells undergoing death mediated by Escherichia coli strain ARD6 serotype O6K13H1 (O6), levels of the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) proteins are up-regulated, but levels of endothelial NO synthase are down-regulated.

A specific functional interaction between CHIF and Na,K-ATPase: role of FXYD proteins in the cellular regulation of the pump.

CHIF (corticosteroid hormone-induced factor) is a member of the FXYD family that shares approximately 50% homology with the gamma subunit of Na,K-ATPase. It is expressed in renal collecting duct and distal colon, and is upregulated by Na(+) deprivation and high K(+) diet. Both CHIF and gamma are coimmunoprecipitated by an anti-alpha subunit antibody, and alpha is immunoprecipitated by anti-gamma and anti-CHIF antibodies.

Structure-function relations of interactions between Na,K-ATPase, the gamma subunit, and corticosteroid hormone-induced factor.

Corticosteroid hormone-induced factor (CHIF) and the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase (gamma) are two members of the FXYD family whose function has been elucidated recently. CHIF and gamma interact with the Na+ pump and alter its kinetic properties, in different ways, which appear to serve their specific physiological roles. Although functional interactions with the Na,K-ATPase have been clearly demonstrated, it is not known which domains and which residues interact with the alpha and/or beta subunits and affect the pump kinetics.

A functional interaction between CHIF and Na-K-ATPase: implication for regulation by FXYD proteins.

Like the gamma-subunit of Na-K-ATPase, the corticosteroid hormone-induced factor (CHIF) is a member of the FXYD family of one-transmembrane-segment proteins. Both CHIF and two splice variants of gamma, gamma(a) and gamma(b), are expressed in the kidney. Immunolocalization experiments demonstrate mutually exclusive expression of CHIF and gamma in different nephron segments.

Generation and phenotypic analysis of CHIF knockout mice.

Corticosteroid hormone-induced factor (CHIF) is a short epithelial-specific protein that is independently induced by aldosterone and a high-K(+) diet. It is a member of the FXYD family of single-span transmembrane proteins that include phospholemman, Mat-8, and the gamma-subunit of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. A number of studies have suggested that these proteins are involved in the regulation of ion transport and, in particular, functionally interact with the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.