suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase provoked by its viral endosymbiont.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is essential to the production of nitric oxide (NO), an efficient effector molecule against intracellular human pathogens such as protozoan parasites. Some strains of are known to bear a viral endosymbiont termed RNA virus 1 (LRV1). Recognition of LRV1 by the innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) leads to conditions worsening the disease severity in mice.

Interleukin-35-Producing CD8α Dendritic Cells Acquire a Tolerogenic State and Regulate T Cell Function.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in shaping immunogenic as well as tolerogenic adaptive immune responses and thereby dictate the outcome of adaptive immunity. Here, we report the generation of a CD8α DC line constitutively secreting the tolerogenic cytokine interleukin (IL)-35. IL-35 secretion led to impaired CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte proliferation and interfered with their function and also .