Psychotic Experiences Are Associated With Paternal Age But Not With Delayed Fatherhood in a Large, Multinational, Community Sample.

Advanced paternal age has been consistently associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. It is less known if such an association also exists with subclinical/attenuated forms of psychosis. Additionally, it has been suggested that it is not paternal age per se, but rather delayed fatherhood, as a marker of a genetic liability of psychosis, that is the cause of the association.

Comparison of anthropometric-based equations for estimation of body fat percentage in a normal-weight and overweight female cohort: validation via air-displacement plethysmography.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used anthropometric-based equations in the estimation of percentage body fat (%BF) in both normal-weight and overweight women using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the criterion measure.

Design: A comparative study in which the equations of Durnin and Womersley (1974; DW) and Jackson, Pollock and Ward (1980) at three, four and seven sites (JPW₃, JPW₄ and JPW₇) were validated against ADP in three groups. Group 1 included all participants, group 2 included participants with a BMI <25·0 kg/m² and group 3 included participants with a BMI ≥25·0 kg/m².

The effects of light emitting diode therapy following high intensity exercise.

Objective: To determine the effects of light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) irradiation on blood lactate concentration ([La]) clearance, peak power output and fatigue index (FI) following high intensity fatiguing exercise.

Design: Single-blinded randomised cross-over placebo controlled trial.

Setting: University College Dublin, Institute for Sport and Health, Human performance laboratory.

Feasibility, criterion validity and retest reliability of exercise testing using the Astrand-rhyming test protocol with an adaptive ergometer in stroke patients.

Purpose: (i) to establish feasibility of the Astrand-Rhyming submaximal protocol using the adaptive ergometer in healthy participants, (ii) to test feasibility of this protocol in stroke patients, (iii) to identify clinical characteristics of stroke patients which limit testing, (iv) to establish criterion validity of V·O(2 steady state) ergometry data against the gold standard open-circuit spirometry measure and, lastly, (v) to test-retest reliability of the data generated by the test protocol.

Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was implemented. Ten healthy participants (5 men, mean age 32 ± 6.

Influence of angular velocity on vastus lateralis and rectus femoris oxygenation dynamics during knee extension exercises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in angular velocity would alter vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) oxygenation status during maximal isokinetic knee extension exercises. Eleven recreationally active male participants randomly performed ten maximal knee extensions at 30, 60, 120 and 240° s(-1). Tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and total haemoglobin concentration ([tHb]) were acquired from the VL and RF muscles by means of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Vastus lateralis oxygenation dynamics during maximal fatiguing concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle actions.

The present study aimed to assess whether high intensity exhaustive eccentric (ECC) exercise was associated with a greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared to high intensity exhaustive concentric (CON) exercise during maximal isokinetic knee extensions. On two separate days, ten recreationally active participants performed maximal isokinetic concentric (KE(CON)) and eccentric (KE(ECC)) knee extension exercises at 60°s(-1) until exhaustion. Muscle oxygenation profile and activity were acquired continuously from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy, along with surface electromyography (sEMG).

Maximal power, but not fatigability, is greater during repeated sprints performed in the afternoon.

The present study was designed to investigate if the suggested greater fatigability during repeated exercise in the afternoon, compared to the morning, represents a true time-of-day effect on fatigability or a consequence of a higher initial power. In a counterbalanced order, eight subjects performed a repeated-sprint test [10 x (6 s of maximal cycling sprint + 30 s of rest)] on three different occasions between: 08:00-10:00, 17:00-19:00, and 17:00-19:00 h controlled (17:00-19:00 h(cont), i.e.

Muscle deoxygenation and neural drive to the muscle during repeated sprint cycling.

Purpose: To investigate muscle deoxygenation and neural drive-related changes during repeated cycling sprints in a fatiguing context.

Methods: Nine healthy male subjects performed a repeated-sprint test (consisting of 10 x 6-s maximal sprints interspaced by 30 s of recovery). Oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath; muscle deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis was assessed continuously using the near-infrared spectroscopy technique.

Influence of posture on pulmonary o2 uptake kinetics, muscle deoxygenation and myolectrical activity during heavy-intensity exercise.

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that compared to upright posture, slower oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics resulting from exercise at the same relative metabolic load in the supine posture will be associated with increased muscle de-oxygenation and greater myoelectrical activity. Nine subjects completed one 12-min heavy-intensity constant-load exercises in each of the supine and upright postures on an electronically braked cycle ergometer at a same gain in metabolism per unit increase in work intensity (10.8 ± 1.