Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution.

Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating species responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed evidence for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics in facilitating or hindering species range shifts. As such, the utility of trait-based approaches to predict species redistribution under climate change has been called into question. We develop the perspective, supported by evidence, that trait variation, if used carefully can have high potential utility, but that past analyses have in many cases failed to identify an explanatory value for traits by not fully embracing the complexity of species range shifts.

Embryonic and juvenile snakes (Natrix maura, Linnaeus 1758) compensate for high elevation hypoxia via shifts in cardiovascular physiology and metabolism.

The colonization of novel environments requires a favorable response to conditions never, or rarely, encountered in recent evolutionary history. For example, populations colonizing upslope habitats must cope with lower atmospheric pressure at elevation, and thus reduced oxygen availability. The embryo stage in oviparous organisms is particularly susceptible, given its lack of mobility and limited gas exchange via diffusion through the eggshell and membranes.

Climate change and the global redistribution of biodiversity: substantial variation in empirical support for expected range shifts.

Background: Among the most widely predicted climate change-related impacts to biodiversity are geographic range shifts, whereby species shift their spatial distribution to track their climate niches. A series of commonly articulated hypotheses have emerged in the scientific literature suggesting species are expected to shift their distributions to higher latitudes, greater elevations, and deeper depths in response to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Yet, many species are not demonstrating range shifts consistent with these expectations.

Impacts of temperature on O consumption of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) from populations along an elevational gradient.

Global warming impacts biodiversity worldwide, leading to species' adaptation, migration, or extinction. The population's persistence depends on the maintenance of essential activities, which is notably driven by phenotypic adaptation to local environments. Metabolic rate - that increases with temperature in ectotherms - is a key physiological proxy for the energy available to fuel individuals' activities.

Interpersonal Perception of Time-Use Patterns in Romantic Relationships: Protocol for the IP-COUPLES Study.

Background: Perceptual congruence has been defined as the level of agreement between partners on various aspects of their shared lives, including perceived engagement in individual and jointly performed activities. While the level of adjustment made by partners to such activities is thought to contribute to a couple's sense of mutuality, perceptions of time use concerning activity engagement has yet to be considered. As such, this study will determine the level of perceptual congruence between partners with respect to perceived time use in their respective and shared activities.

Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming".

Zellweger (Reports, 15 May 2020, p. 772) claimed that forest plant communities' response to global warming is primarily controlled by microclimate dynamics. We show that community thermophilization is poorly explained by the underlying components of microclimate, and that global warming primarily controls the climatic lag of plant communities.

Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land.

There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we introduce BioShifts-a global geo-database of 30,534 range shifts.

Habitat patches for newts in the face of climate change: local scale assessment combining niche modelling and graph theory.

Triturus cristatus and Triturus marmoratus are two protected and declining newts occurring in the administrative department of Vienne, in France. They have limited dispersal abilities and rely on the connectivity between habitats and their suitability. In a warming climate, the locations of suitable habitats are expected to change, as is the connectivity.

Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers in the viperine snake .

Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and developed for . Polymorphism was assessed for 120 individuals sampled across four sampling sites from the French Pyrenees Mountains. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15, and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.

Influence of substrate types and morphological traits on movement behavior in a toad and newt species.

Background: Inter-patch movements may lead to genetic mixing, decreasing both inbreeding and population extinction risks, and is hence a crucial aspect of amphibian meta-population dynamics. Traveling through heterogeneous landscapes might be particularly risky for amphibians. Understanding how these species perceive their environment and how they move in heterogeneous habitats is an essential step in explaining metapopulation dynamics and can be important for predicting species' responses to climate change and for conservation policy and management.

Habitat choice meets thermal specialization: Competition with specialists may drive suboptimal habitat preferences in generalists.

Limited dispersal is classically considered as a prerequisite for ecological specialization to evolve, such that generalists are expected to show greater dispersal propensity compared with specialists. However, when individuals choose habitats that maximize their performance instead of dispersing randomly, theory predicts dispersal with habitat choice to evolve in specialists, while generalists should disperse more randomly. We tested whether habitat choice is associated with thermal niche specialization using microcosms of the ciliate , a species that performs active dispersal.

Variation of preferred body temperatures along an altitudinal gradient: A multi-species study.

Temperature affects the physiological functions of ectotherms. To maintain optimal body temperature and ensure physiological performance, these organisms can use behavioral adjustments to keep the body temperature in their specific temperature range, so-called preferred temperature (T). It is therefore crucial to describe and understand how T vary within and amongst populations to predict the effects of climate change of altitudinal range shifts in organisms.

Mild and Selective Mono-Iodination of Unprotected Peptides as Initial Step for the Synthesis of Bioimaging Probes.

Chemoselective functionalization of peptides and proteins to selectively introduce residues for detection, capture, or specific derivatization is of high interest to the synthetic community. Here we report a new method for the mild and effective mono-iodination of tyrosine residues in fully unprotected peptides. This method is highly chemoselective and compatible with a wide variety of functional groups.

Evolution of a butterfly dispersal syndrome.

The existence of dispersal syndromes contrasting disperser from resident phenotypes within populations has been intensively documented across taxa. However, how such suites of phenotypic traits emerge and are maintained is largely unknown, although deciphering the processes shaping the evolution of dispersal phenotypes is a key in ecology and evolution. In this study, we created artificial populations of a butterfly, in which we controlled for individual phenotypes and measured experimentally the roles of selection and genetic constraints on the correlations between dispersal-related traits: flight performance and wing morphology.

Ecological constraints increase the climatic debt in forests.

Biodiversity changes are lagging behind current climate warming. The underlying determinants of this climatic debt are unknown and yet critical to understand the impacts of climate change on the present biota and improve forecasts of biodiversity changes. Here we assess determinants of climatic debt accumulated in French forest herbaceous plant communities between 1987 and 2008 (that is, a 1.

Synthesis of GPR40 targeting H- and F-probes towards selective beta cell imaging.

Diabetes affects an increasing number of patients worldwide and is responsible for a significant rise in healthcare expenses. Imaging of β-cells in vivo is expected to contribute to an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, improved diagnosis, and development of new treatment options for diabetes. Here, we describe the first radiosyntheses of [ H]-TAK875 and [ F]-TAK875 derivatives to be used as β-cell imaging probes addressing the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40).

Synthesis and Characterization of a Promising Novel FFAR1/GPR40 Targeting Fluorescent Probe for β-Cell Imaging.

Diabetes affects an increasing number of patients worldwide and is responsible for a significant rise in healthcare expenses. Imaging of β-cells bears the potential to contribute to an improved understanding, diagnosis, and development of new treatment options for diabetes. Here, we describe the first small molecule fluorescent probe targeting the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40).

Postural effects of the scaled display of visual foot center of pressure feedback under different somatosensory conditions at the foot and the ankle.

Objectives: To assess the effects of the scaled display of visual foot center of pressure (COP) feedback on upright postural control under different somatosensory conditions at the foot and the ankle.

Design: Before and after intervention trials.

Setting: University medical bioengineering laboratory.

Evaluation of enrichment-free PCR-based detection on the rfbE gene of Escherichia coli O157--application to municipal wastewater.

Escherichia coli O157 strains have emerged as important human enteric pathogens. Strains that express the O-antigen 157 are commonly associated with severe clinical manifestations, including bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. E.