Beyond the Diffusion Limit: Pre-Associated Ion-Pair Photoinitiating Systems for Radical Photopolymerization.

The pre-association mechanism of an ion-pair Type II photoinitiating system (PIS) acting in the visible range was studied. The choice of a dye as photoinitiator (crystal violet) with an excited state lifetime of 200 ps ensured the absence of dynamical quenching by the borate salts used as coinitiator. In spite of the fact that no diffusional bimolecular quenching can take place, excellent polymerization efficiency was found, underlining the high reactivity of the PIS.

Physicians in ACOs report greater documentation burden.

Objectives: First, to analyze the relationship between value-based payment (VBP) program participation and documentation burden among office-based physicians. Second, to analyze the relationship between specific VBP programs (eg, accountable care organizations [ACOs]) and documentation burden.

Study Design: Retrospective analyses of US office-based physicians in 2019 and 2021.

Using quotients as a mentor to facilitate the success of underrepresented students.

Choosing a mentor requires a certain level of introspection for both the mentor and the mentee. The dynamics of mentorship may change depending on the academic status of the mentee. Regardless, mentors should help their trainees grow both academically and professionally.

Retinoid-associated myopia in dermatologic patients: a systematic review.

Purpose: Systemic retinoids are among the most prescribed drugs in dermatology, thanks to their activity as proliferation modulators and keratinisation normalisers. Common side effects such as blood lipid disorders, xerosis and photosensitivity are well established and usually dose dependent. Conversely, retinoid-associated ocular disturbances have been reported, yet with differences in terms of frequency and manifestations As data regarding a potential correlation with refractive errors are heterogenous and have not been previously thoroughly addressed, we performed a systematic review of the literature with the aim of comprehensively evaluating the current evidence regarding retinoid-associated myopia in dermatologic patients.

Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Single Blind, Cross-Over Study on the Effect of a Fixed Combination of Citicoline 500 mg Plus Homotaurine 50 mg on Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG) in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma on Well Controlled Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential beneficial and synergistic effects of oral intake of a fixed combination of citicoline 500 mg plus homotaurine 50 mg (CIT/HOMO) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function in subjects with glaucoma using pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and to investigate the effects on visual field and quality of life.

Methods: Consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with controlled IOP (<18 mmHg) receiving beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogs alone or as combination therapy (fixed or un-fixed); with stable disease (progression no more than -1 dB/year at the visual field MD); and an early to moderate visual field defect (MD < -12 dB) were randomized to: arm A. topical therapy + CIT/HOMO for 4 months, 2 months of wash out, 4 months of topical therapy alone; arm B.

A New Three-Component Photo-Initiating System for Visible Light Recording of Volume Holograms with Single-Pulsed Laser.

Versatile substituted electron-deficient trichloromethylarenes can easily be synthesized and combined with a Safranine O/triarylalkylborate salt to form a highly efficient three-component photo-initiation system that starts free radical polymerization to finally form holographic gratings with a single-pulsed laser. The mechanism of this photo-initiation most likely relies on an electron transfer from the borate salt into the semi-occupied HOMO of the excited dye molecule Safranine O, which after fragmentation generates an initiating alkyl radical and longer-lived dye radical species. This dye radical is most probably oxidized by the newly introduced trichloromethylarene derivative as an electron acceptor.

Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce.

Persons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) face chronic exposure to interpersonal stressors, such as social discrimination, throughout their scientific careers, leading to a long-term decline in physical and mental health. Many PEERs exhibit John Henryism, a coping mechanism to prolonged stress where an individual expends higher levels of effort and energy at the cost of their physical and mental health. In this article, we discuss how social dominance may increase John Henryism within the STEM community; the causes, effects and costs of John Henryism; and highlight solutions to combat these social adversity stressors within the academic institution.

Intentional mentoring: maximizing the impact of underrepresented future scientists in the 21st century.

Mentoring is a developmental experience intended to increase the willingness to learn and establish credibility while building positive relationships through networking. In this commentary, we focus on intentional mentoring for underrepresented mentees, including individuals that belong to minority racial, ethnic and gender identity groups in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Medicine (STEMM) fields. Intentional mentoring is the superpower action necessary for developing harmony and comprehending the purpose and value of the mentor/mentee relationship.

The Role of Neuroinflammation in Glaucoma: An Update on Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Options.

Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by the continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells, leading to progressive and irreversible visual impairment. In this minireview, we report the results of the most recent experimental studies concerning cells, molecular mechanisms, genes, and microbiome involved in neuroinflammation processes correlated to glaucoma neurodegeneration. The identification of cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways related to retinal ganglion cell death is the first step toward the discovery of new therapeutic strategies.

Diagnostic ability of OCT parameters and retinal ganglion cells count in identification of glaucoma in myopic preperimetric eyes.

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of OCT parameters and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) count in identify glaucomatous disease in myopic preperimetric eyes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. The study group consisted of 154 eyes: 36 controls, 64 preperimetric (PPG), and 54 primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.

Assessing the Performance of Daily Intake of a Homotaurine, Carnosine, Forskolin, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, and Magnesium Based Food Supplement for the Maintenance of Visual Function in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Background: Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy, which causes a continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells. Given the neurodegenerative nature of glaucoma, the necessity for neuroprotective intervention still arises, to be added alongside hypotonic therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a homotaurine, carnosine, forskolin, vitamins B1, B2, and B6, folic acid, and magnesium based supplement (GANGLIOLIFE®) on the progression rates of the visual field in patients with progressive POAG despite good tonometric compensation and to assess the most suitable dosage.

Calorie Restriction in Adulthood Reduces Hepatic Disorders Induced by Transient Postnatal Overfeeding in Mice.

Impaired early nutrition influences the risk of developing metabolic disorders in later life. We observed that transient postnatal overfeeding (OF) in mice induces long-term hepatic alterations, characterized by microsteatosis, fibrosis associated with oxidative stress (OS), and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). In this study, we investigated whether such changes can be reversed by moderate calorie restriction (CR).

Reading Ability in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: Evaluation with Radner Reading Charts.

Significance: This study determined the impact of visual disabilities caused by glaucoma on the patient's everyday life and emphasized the importance of developing strategies to improve reading ability in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate the reading performances of patients affected by POAG using the Italian version of the Radner Reading Charts and to test the presence of correlation between visual field (VF) damage and reading parameters.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, all patients underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation including VF testing and evaluation of reading performance using the Radner Reading Charts.

WITHDRAWN: The chromatin remodeling complex NURF localizes to gene bodies and is required for mRNA processing.

This article has been withdrawn by Aiman Alhazmi, Marissa Mack, Tiffany Rolle, Jordan Hiegel, Syed Haqqani, Nga Dao, Farheen Zaman, Nak-Kyeong Kim, Neel Scarsdale, Charles Lyons, and Joseph Landry. Some of the genome-wide data sets were flawed and were not analyzed correctly. The withdrawing authors are in the process of correcting the data sets and re-analyzing them for resubmission.

Diagnostic Ability and Discriminant Values of OCT-Angiography Parameters in Early Glaucoma Diagnosis.

Purpose: To evaluate papillary, peripapillary, and macular vasculature with optical coherence tomography angiography in preperimetric (PPG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal eyes, and to assess diagnostic ability and associations among the vasculature and structural damage.

Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex thickness, whole-image (wiVD), inside disc (idVD), peripapillary (ppVD), and macular vessel densities were obtained.

Changes of Visual Pathway and Brain Connectivity in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The increasing interest in the involvement of the cortical visual pathway in glaucomatous patients is due to the implications in recent therapies, such as neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In this review, we outline the current understanding of brain structural, functional, and metabolic changes detected with the modern techniques of neuroimaging in glaucomatous subjects.

The Chemistry and Physics of Bayfol HX Film Holographic Photopolymer.

Holographic photopolymers are a new technology to create passive diffractive optical elements by a pure laser interference recording. In this review, we explain the chemistry concepts of light harvesting in an interference pattern and the subsequent grating formation as chemical response. Using the example of the newly developed Bayfol HX film we discuss the reaction-diffusion driven photo-polymerization process for an index modulation formation to create volume phase gratings.

Long term safety and tolerability of Tafluprost 0.0015% vs Timolol 0.1% preservative-free in ocular hypertensive and in primary open-angle glaucoma patients: a cross sectional study.

Background: The effects of preservatives of antiglaucoma medications on corneal surface and tear function have been widely shown in literature; it's not the same as regards the active compounds themselves. The purpose of our study was to compare Ocular Surface Disease (OSD) signs and symptoms of Tafluprost 0.0015% versus preservative free (PF) Timolol 0.

Evaluation of Bleb Morphology and Reduction in IOP and Glaucoma Medication following Implantation of a Novel Gel Stent.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Xen Gel Stent and provide a macro- and microscopic analyses of bleb morphology.

Methods: A prospective 12-month study on patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients underwent implantation of the XEN Gel Stent (Allergan INC, Dublin, Ireland) either alone or combined with a cataract surgery.

Long-term outcomes after acute primary angle closure of Caucasian chronic angle closure glaucoma patients.

Importance: There is a lack of information about long-term results of chronic angle closure glaucoma following an acute primary angle closure attack in Caucasian patients.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to report morphological and functional long-term data of chronic angle closure eyes following a monolateral primary angle closure attack and to provide a comparison with their fellow eyes.

Design: Observational retrospective case series.

Retinal and Macular Ganglion Cell Count Estimated With Optical Coherence Tomography RTVUE-100 as a Candidate Biomarker for Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of total and macular estimated retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counts to discriminate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes. To determine threshold markers of the estimated RGCs taking into account age dependence.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study.

Hydrus microstent compared to selective laser trabeculoplasty in primary open angle glaucoma: one year results.

Background: To compare the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medications following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) versus stand-alone placement of the Hydrus microstent, a microinvasive glaucoma surgery device.

Design: Prospective interventional case-series. University practice.